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Twentieth-Century Japan: The Emergence of a World Power Irwin Scheiner, Editor
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Japan's Total Empire
Manchuria and the Cultureof Wartime Imperialism
LOUISE YOUNG
University of California Press
BERKELEY LOS ANGELES LONDON
Publication of this work was generously supported by a grant from the Japan Foundation.
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
©1998 by the Regents of the University of California
First Paperback Printing 1999
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Young, Louise, 1960–
Japan's total empire : Manchuria and the culture of wartime imperialism / Louise Young.
p. cm.—(Twentieth-century Japan; 8)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-520-21934-2 (pbk.: alk. paper)
1. Manchuria (China)—History—1933-1945. 2. Mukden Incident,
1931. 3. Japan—History—1926-1945. 4. World politics—1933-
1945. I. Title. II. Series
DS783.7.Y67 1998
325’.352’ 09518—dc21
97-1715
CIP
Printed in the United States of America
13 12 11 10 09 08 07
11 10 9 8 7 6 5
The paper used in this publication is both acid-free and totally chlorine-free (TCF). It meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).
In memory of
Louise Merwin Young
1903–1992
A Study of the East Asian Institute, Columbia University
The East Asian Institute is Columbia University's center for research, publication, and teaching on modern East Asia. The Studies of the East Asian Institute were inaugurated in 1962 to bring to a wider public the results of significant new research on modern and contemporary East Asia.
Contents
PART I THE MAKING OF A TOTAL EMPIRE
2. The Jewel in the Crown: The International Context of Manchukuo
PART II THE MANCHURIAN INCIDENT AND THE NEW MILITARY IMPERIALISM, 1931–1933
3. War Fever: Imperial Jingoism and the Mass Media
4. Go-Fast Imperialism: Elite Politics and Mass Mobilization
PART III THE MANCHURIAN EXPERIMENT IN COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT, 1932–1941
5. Uneasy Partnership: Soldiers and Capitalists in the Colonial Economy
6. Brave New Empire: Utopian Vision and the Intelligentsia
PART IV THE NEW SOCIAL IMPERIALISM AND THE FARM COLONIZATION PROGRAM, 1932–1945
7. Reinventing Agrarianism: Rural Crisis and the Wedding of Agriculture to Empire
8. The Migration Machine: Manchurian Colonization and State Growth
10. The Paradox of Total Empire
Map and Tables
Map of Manchukuo circa 1944
Tables
1. Investment in public and private enterprises in Manchukuo
2. Capital investment in Manchukuo through stocks, loans, and bonds
3. Direct investment in Manchukuo by new and old zaibatsu
4. Japanese