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Mini Burmese Dictionary. Aung Kyaw PhyoЧитать онлайн книгу.

Mini Burmese Dictionary - Aung Kyaw Phyo


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      Mini

       Burmese

      Dictionary

       Burmese-English English-Burmese

      Aung Kyaw Phyo

      Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

       www.tuttlepublishing.com

      © 2020 by Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd

      All rights reserved.

      ISBN 978-1-4629-1441-8

      Distributed by:

       North America, Latin America and Europe

      Tuttle Publishing

      364 Innovation Drive, North Clarendon,

      VT 05759-9436 USA.

      Tel: 1(802) 773-8930 Fax: 1(802) 773-6993

       [email protected]

       www.tuttlepublishing.com

       Asia Pacific

      Berkeley Books Pte. Ltd.

      3 Kallang Sector #04-01, Singapore 349278

      Tel: (65) 6741-2178 Fax: (65) 6741-2179

       [email protected]

       www.periplus.com

      23 22 21 20 4 3 2 1 2001VP

      Printed in Malaysia

      TUTTLE PUBLISHING® is a registered trademark of

      Tuttle Publishing, a division of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

      CONTENTS

       Introduction

       Burmese–English Dictionary

       English–Burmese Dictionary

      INTRODUCTION

      The Burmese language is the official language of Myanmar, used by the majority Burmese people and as the lingua franca by the other ethnic minority groups in the country. It is officially called “Myanmar language” for easy reference and political reasons within the country.

      Sitting like a bridge between China and India, Myanmar has many sociocultural connections to those two Asian giants and language is an example. The Burmese language is in the Tibeto-Burman family, and is a tonal language like Thai and Chinese. Burmese borrowed and adapted Brahmic alphabets which originated in India. Over time, the letters evolved into the rounded version used today.

      The following sections provide some basic information about Burmese grammar, and how to put a sentence together.

       Grammar

      English is a SVO language (i.e., subjects come before verbs, and verbs come before objects), but Burmese is more of a SOV language. It is also possible to start a sentence with an object but verbs almost always come at the end of the sentences. The subject of a sentence is followed by the particle ka or ga. The object of a sentence is followed by the particle ko or go. The verb, in spoken sentences, is followed by the particle tae or dae (or thi in written sentences). For example:

      Kya naw ga ngarr ko kyite dae.

      I (kya naw) like (kyite) fish (ngarr).

       Pronunciation

      Burmese has three major tones: (1) short and creaky, (2) level and long, and (3) high, long and falling tone.

      လ လာ လား

      la lar larr

      The first tone sounds like it or eat in English, with the final t sound swallowed in the back of the throat. The second tone has a rising tone similar to huh? in English. The last tone sounds like long vowels with no stop at the end in English as in the words see, saw, or zoo.

      There are two other tones: the shortened tone and the stopped tone. The shortened tone is similar to the sound of a in the English word ago. Stopped tones are also very short. They are similar to English vowels with the stops such as p, t, or k at the end.

      In this dictionary, the tone of a word is reflected by its romanized spelling.

       Aspiration

      Aspiration means adding a breath of air to a sound. For example, the letter p in the words spin and spot is not aspirated, but it is aspirated in the words pin and pot. In this dictionary, the letter ‘h’ is used to mark consonants that are aspirated.

       Romanization of the Burmese sounds

      Unlike Chinese, Japanese, and some other languages, Burmese does not have a standardized romanized version of its sounds. The romanization format used in this dictionary is mainly based on the model that young people in Myanmar are using on social media and the Internet.

      When speaking Burmese, remember not to pronounce the final consonants of words. Final consonants given in the romanized words in this dictionary are a guide to the length, tone and rhythm of a word.

Consonants
bb sound, as in bush, book, ball
dd sound, as in dance, doll, drown
chch sound, as in chin, chocolate, child
gg as in go, get, good
hh sound as in house, him, hire
kunaspirated k sound as in sky, scar, skin
khaspirated k sound as in key, king, call
ll sound as in live, low, long
mm sound as in mall, meet, must
ngng sound in English as in lung, sing, ring
punaspirated p sound as in spin, spy, spot
phaspirated p sound as in pet, poor, pot
rr sound as in rat, raw, ring
ss sound as in saw, sir, so, sun
shsh sound as in shoe, shop, shine
tunaspirated t as in stall, steel, style
htaspirated t as in time, Thailand, talk
thunvoiced th sound as in thin, thick, theft
thvoiced th sound as in that, those, there
ww sound as in wall, war, with when it is used in initial position and pronounced as the w sound in queen, quick, penguin when it is used after another consonant.
yy as in you, year, yes
zz as in zoo, magazine, zebra
Consonants with an added ‘y’ sound.
byNo English equivalent. The closest sound is the initial sound of the words beauty, bureau, Buchanan. The b and the y are pronounced as one sound.
gyj sound as in jeans, jacket, jaw
kyNo English equivalent. The closest sound is the initial
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