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PROMOTING DEMOCRACY
Promoting Democracy
The Force of Political Settlements in Uncertain Times
Manal A. Jamal
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York
© 2019 by New York University
All rights reserved
References to Internet websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the author nor New York University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Jamal, Manal, author.
Title: Promoting democracy : the force of political settlements in uncertain times / Manal A. Jamal.
Description: New York : New York University Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018048486| ISBN 9781479811380 (cl : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781479878451 (pb : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Pacific settlement of international disputes. | Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes. | Democracy—International cooperation. | Peaceful settlement
Classification: LCC JZ6010 .J36 2019 | DDC 327.1/72—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018048486
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For my late father, Ahmad Jamal, and to all nameless heroes everywhere who work selflessly to improve the world and the lives of those around them.
CONTENTS
1. The Primacy of Political Settlements in Democracy Promotion
2. The Political-Military Organizations and the Emergence of Mass-Based Grassroots Organizations
3. Political Settlements and the Reconfiguration of Civic and Political Life
4. Foreign Donor Assistance and the Political Economy of Settlement Outcomes
5. Beyond Professionalization: Foreign Aid and the Transformation of the Women’s Sectors
6. Hamas after Electoral Victory: Fatah and the Western Donor Community Respond
7. Noninclusive Settlements and Democracy’s Long Haul in Comparative Perspective
Appendix I: Interviews (Excluding Foreign Donors)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
| ADEMUSA | Asociación Democrática de Mujeres / Democratic Association of Women |
| AMES | Asociación de Mujeres de El Salvador / Association of Women of El Salvador |
| AMS | Asociación para la Autodeterminación y el Desarrollo de Mujeres Salvadoreña / Association for the Self-Determination and Development of Salvadoran Women |
| ANM | Arab Nationalist Movement |
| ARENA | Alianza Republicana Nacionalista / Republican Nationalist Alliance |
| ASMUSA | Asociacón de Mujeres Salvadoreña /Association of Salvadoran Women |
| CEMUJER | Instituto de Estudios de Mujer “Norma Virginia Guirola de Herrera” / Institute of Women’s Studies “Norma Viginia de Herrera” |
| CERP | Commander’s Emergency Response Program |
| CG | Consultative Group |
| CIDA | Canadian International Development Agency |
| CID | Council for International Development |
| CPA | Coalition Provisional Authority |
| COMADRES | Comité de Madres y Familiares de Presos, Desaparecidos y Asesinados de El Salvador “Monseñor Romero” / Committee of Mothers and Relatives of the Disappeared, Assassinated and Political Prisoners |
| CONAMUS | Coordinadora Nacional de Mujeres Salvadoreñas / National Coordinating Committee for Salvadoran Women |
| CORAMS | Centro de Orientación Radial Para la Mujer Salvadoreña / Training Center for Salvadoran Women on Radio |
| CREA | Creative Associates International, Inc. |
| CRS | Creditor Reporting System |
| CSOS | civil society organizations |
| DAC | Development Assistance Committee |
| DFLP | Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine |
| DOP | Declaration of Principles |
| EC | European Commission |
| EIB | European Investment Bank |
| ERP | Ejercito Revolucionario del Pueblo / Revolutionary Army of People |
| EU | European Union |
| FAPU | Frente de Acción Popular Unificada / United Popular Action Front |
| Fatah | Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini / Palestinian National Liberation Movement |
| FDR | Frente Democrático Revolutionario / Revolutionary Democratic Front |
| FIDA | Palestinian Democratic Union |
| FLACSO | Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales / Latin American Faculty for the Social Sciences |
| FMLN | Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional / Farabundo Marty for National Liberation |
| FPL | Fuerzas Populares de Liberación / Popular Forces of Liberation |
| FPWAC | Federation of Palestinian Women’s Action Committees |
| FPWAC-FIDA | Federation of Palestinian Women’s Action Committees-Palestinian Democratic Union |
| FUSADES | Fundación Salvadoreña para el Desarrollo Económico y Social / Salvadoran Foundation for Economic and Social Development |
| GFTU | Palestinian General Federation of Trade Unions |
| GTZ | German Agency for Technical Cooperation |
| GUPW | General Union of Palestinian Women |
| HIVOS | Humanistisch Instituut |