The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence AgencyЧитать онлайн книгу.

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      There have been some significant changes in this edition. In the Government section the former Branches entry has been replaced by three entries—Executive branch, Legislative branch, and Judicial branch. The Leaders entry now has subentries for Chief of State, Head of Government, and their deputies. The Elections entry has been completely redone with information for each branch of the national government, including the date for the last election, the date for the next election, results (percent of vote by candidate or party), and current distribution of seats by party. In the Economy section there is a new entry on Illicit drugs.

      Abbreviations: (see Appendix B for international organizations)

      avdp. avoirdupois

       c.i.f. cost, insurance, and freight

       CY calendar year

       DWT deadweight ton

       est. estimate

       Ex-Im Export-Import Bank of the United States

       f.o.b. free on board

       FRG Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)

       FY fiscal year

       GDP gross domestic product

       GDR German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

       GNP gross national product

       GRT gross register ton

       km kilometer

       km2 square kilometer

       kW kilowatt

       kWh kilowatt-hour

       m meter

       NA not available

       NEGL negligible

       nm nautical mile

       NZ New Zealand

       ODA official development assistance

       OOF other official flows

       PDRY People's Democratic Republic of Yemen {Yemen

       (Aden) or South Yemen}

       UAE United Arab Emirates

       UK United Kingdom

       US United States

       USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union)

       YAR Yemen Arab Republic {Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen}

      Administrative divisions: The numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions are generally those approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) as of 5 April 1990. Changes that have been reported but not yet acted upon by BGN are noted.

      Area: Total area is the sum of all land and water areas delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines. Land area is the aggregate of all surfaces delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines, excluding inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Comparative areas are based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 km2, 69 miles2) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 km2, 0.23 miles2, 146 acres).

      Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 population at midyear. Also known as crude birth rate.

      Contributors: Information was provided by the Bureau of the

       Census (Department of Commerce), Central Intelligence Agency,

       Defense Intelligence Agency, Defense Nuclear Agency, Department of

       State, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Navy Operational

       Intelligence Center and Maritime Administration (merchant marine data),

       Office of Territorial and International Affairs (Department of the

       Interior), United States Board on Geographic Names, United States

       Coast Guard, and others.

      Dates of information: In general, information available as of 1 January 1990 was used in the preparation of this edition. Population figures are estimates for 1 July 1990, with population growth rates estimated for mid-1990 through mid-1991. Major political events have been updated through 30 March 1990. Military age figures are average annual estimates for 1990–94.

      Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per l,000 population at midyear. Also known as crude death rate.

      Diplomatic representation: The US Government has diplomatic relations with 162 nations. There are only 144 US embassies, since some nations have US ambassadors accredited to them, but no physical US mission exists. The US has diplomatic relations with 149 of the 159 UN members—the exceptions are Albania, Angola, Byelorussia (constituent republic of the Soviet Union), Cambodia, Cuba, Iran, Vietnam, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen {Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen}, Ukraine (constituent republic of the Soviet Union) and, obviously, the US itself. In addition, the US has diplomatic relations with 13 nations that are not in the UN—Andorra, Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Korea, Switzerland, Tonga, Tuvalu, and the Vatican City. North Korea is not in the UN and the US does not have diplomatic relations with that nation. The US has not recognized the incorporation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the Soviet Union and continues to accredit the diplomatic representatives of their last free governments.

      Disputes: This category includes a wide variety of situations that range from traditional bilateral boundary disputes to unilateral claims of one sort or another. Every international land boundary dispute in the "Guide to International Boundaries," a map published by the Department of State, is included. References to other situations may also be included that are border- or frontier-relevant, such as maritime disputes, geopolitical questions, or irredentist issues. However, inclusion does not necessarily constitute official acceptance or recognition by the US Government.

      Entities: Some of the nations, dependent areas, areas of special sovereignty, and governments included in this publication are not independent, and others are not officially recognized by the US Government. Nation refers to a people politically organized into a sovereign state with a definite territory. Dependent area refers to a broad category of political entities that are associated in some way with a nation. Names used for page headings are usually the short-form names as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names. The long-form name is included in the Government section and an entry of "none" indicates a long-form name does not exist. In some instances, no short-form name exists—then the long-form name must serve for all usages.

      There are 249 entities in the Factbook that may be categorized as follows:

      NATIONS

       157 UN members (there are 159 members in the UN, but only 157 are

       included in The World Factbook because Byelorussia and Ukraine are

       constituent republics of the Soviet Union)