Iceland Within the Northern Atlantic, Volume 2. Группа авторовЧитать онлайн книгу.

      1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright

      4  List of Abbreviations

      5  Preface

      6  Introduction

      7  1 Young Icelandic Volcanism and its Implications 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Icelandic magma series 1.3. Central volcanoes and active fissural systems 1.4. Volcanic hazards in Iceland 1.5. References

      8  2 Volcanism and Glaciations: Forcings and Chronometers 2.1. Subglacial volcanic landforms 2.2. Volcanism, deglaciation and climate 2.3. The hypothesis of a link between volcanism and climate and its test by dating 2.4. References

      9  3 Cenozoic Evolution of Iceland and the Cryosphere 3.1. Ice ages and the opening of the Atlantic 3.2. Iceland’s Quaternary glaciations 3.3. The last glacial episode and its deglaciation 3.4. Iceland today, its climate and vegetation 3.5. References

      10  Conclusion

      11  References

      12  List of Authors

      13  Index

      14  Summary of Volume 1

      15  End User License Agreement

      1 IntroductionFigure I.1. Iceland from Space (document Geographical Institute of Iceland/Landm...Figure I.2. (A) Icelandic stamp illustrating the discovery of Iceland by Irish m...Figure I.3. Traditional sheepfolds in southern Iceland with the volcano Hekla in...Figure I.4. (A) The Þingvellir graben, seen from an airplane (Þingvellir Nationa...Figure I.5. (A) The Hekla volcano (Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë©) and (B) its cartog...Figure I.6. Typical landscape of ancient basalts on the eastern coast of Iceland...Figure I.7. The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull in 2010: its jökulhlaup (Reykja...Figure I.8. Sheep disturbed by the ash from the eruption (Flickr©)Figure I.9. Digital terrain model of Vatnajökull (black line: current cap bounda...Figure I.10. (A and B) Views of the Bárðarbunga caldera obliterated by ice durin...Figure I.11. Rim of the northern caldera of Grìmsvötn (Ragnar Sigurdsson©)Figure I.12. The Grìmsvötn volcano. (A) Initiation of the northward flow associa...Figure I.13. (A) The jökulhlaups of the Skafta River from the Grimsvötn in 1996 ...Figure I.14. (A) Fissural eruption of Krafla in 1980, along fractures arranged e...Figure I.15. Eruption of Krafla in 1980: hornitos on fractures and lava flows in...Figure I.16. (A) The submarine ridges of Kolbeinsey and (B) of Reykjanes (multib...Figure I.17. Trace of the Réttarnes seismic fault (1294 or 1732) in the Rangavel...Figure I.18. Destruction caused during the earthquakes of June 2000 in Bitra: (A...Figure I.19. Successive phases of an explosion of the Strokkur geyser, Geysir ge...Figure I.20. The Hofsjökull. Document made from radar images (CNES©). The calder...Figure I.21. (A) The Kerlingarfjöll surrounded by its glacial desert. (B) Perche...Figure I.22. A subglacial tabular volcano: the Herðubreið, north of Vatnajökull,...Figure I.23. Jökulsá á Kreppa north of Vatnajökull with hyaloclastite or tindar ...Figure I.24. A key Icelandic resource: water. (A) Bruarjökull outlet (the glacie...

      2 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Distribution of recent Icelandic volcanism (modified from Þórðarson ...Figure 1.2. Icelandic magma series. Simplified diagram (modified from Jakobsson ...Figure 1.3. Evolution of major elements (% oxides) as a function of MgO in young...Figure 1.4. Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of recent Icelandic basalts and associat...Figure 1.5. The Baula rhyolitic batholith (3 My old) at the entrance