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Geology and Mineralogy of Gemstones - David Turner R.


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Change for Disaster MitigationTim R. Davies, Oliver Korup, and John J. Clague

      3 Remote Sensing Physics: An Introduction to Observing Earth from SpaceRick Chapman and Richard Gasparovic

      4 Geology and Mineralogy of GemstonesDavid Turner and Lee A. Groat

      Advanced Textbook 4

      Geology and Mineralogy of Gemstones

       David Turner

       The University of British Columbia, Canada

       Lee A. Groat

       The University of British Columbia, Canada

      This Work is a copublication of the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

      This edition first published 2022

      © 2022 American Geophysical Union

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions

       Published under the aegis of the AGU Publications Committee

      Matthew Giampoala, Vice President, Publications

      Carol Frost, Chair, Publications Committee

      For details about the American Geophysical Union visit us at www.agu.org.

      The right of David Turner and Lee A. Groat to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

      Wiley Global Headquarters 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA

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      Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials, or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

      Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

      Names: Turner, David, 1981– author. | Groat, Lee Andrew, 1959– author.

      Title: Geology and mineralogy of gemstones / David Turner, Lee A. Groat.

      Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley ; Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union, 2021. | Series: AGU advanced textbooks | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2020027427 (print) | LCCN 2020027428 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119299851 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119299882 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119299875 (epub)

      Subjects: LCSH: Precious stones.

      Classification: LCC QE392 .G76 2021 (print) | LCC QE392 (ebook) | DDC 553.8–dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020027427 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020027428

      Cover Design: Wiley

      Cover Image: Cobalt‐blue spinel from southwestern Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada; © Lee A. Groat

      Preface

      Earth Science departments at universities across North America are diversifying their academic offerings for entry level science courses. Among topics that are catching on are the mineralogy and geology of gem materials. This textbook aims to support these courses. At the same time, the geological settings that give rise to gemstone deposits are as unique and fascinating as those for precious and base metal deposits. Gemstones also have captivating connections to our cultural history, from the well‐celebrated diamond deposits of South Africa to the lesser known occurrences of semiprecious gemstones that are dotted across every continent. The interdisciplinary aspect of gemstone deposits provides wonderful natural laboratories to better understand the Earth's processes and how human civilization has exploited the Earth's natural resources for its beautiful treasures. However, with this comes a need to consider the economic, political, social, environmental, health, and ethical impacts of extracting precious stones whether by large‐scale, small‐scale artisanal, or illegal mining operations. Earth's human population continues to grow and urbanize, and to increase its consumption of nonrenewable resources such as gemstones, so the human, environmental, and ethical implications of these practices are more important now than ever.

      This book is designed for undergraduate learners and satisfies the needs of both lower level introductory courses and upper level geoscience curricula. It is intended to include basic concepts of geology in the context of a low‐to‐mid level understanding of gem deposits. It also includes some fundamentals of mineralogy in order to put the understanding of physical properties of gems in context.

      It is not intended as a replacement for an “Introduction to Mineralogy” textbook, but does include sections of sufficient depth of knowledge for an upper level “Mineralogy and Geology of Gemstones” course. It is also not intended to replace a “Determinative Gemology” reference book, but briefly covers common tools and the properties they measure/exploit. The references at the end of each chapter should also allow students and instructors to easily access the original “raw” scientific information for further study, either for personal interest, as stepping stones for semester capstone projects, or for inspiration to undertake scientific research into the geological world of gemstone deposits.


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