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      Preface

      Background

      Renewable energy is one of the pioneer fields nowadays and everyone is interested in the growth curve of it. It has broad applications in several areas ranging from energy, transport, and transmission to storage and even day-to-day activities. This book provides a perfect blend of all current issues related to latest developments in the field of renewable energy utilization. The book will be very useful for engineers, scientists, academicians, etc., in the fields of mechanical, electrical, electronics, civil, computer, and artificial intelligence working in the broader domain of renewable energy.

      Objectives

      This book is intended for use as a reference book to look into the latest developments in the field of renewable energy keeping the minimum basic knowledge intact. The objectives of this work are:

      We hope that the careful explanations given in this book with numerous figures and tables will help the readers to develop important skills and will help them to boost their knowledge and confidence level.

      Philosophy and Goal

      The main philosophy is to help the young and budding engineers of tomorrow to ignite their minds to critically analyze the importance of renewable energy and its future scope. This book also intends to awaken interest and enthusiasm in the students; it should be thought of only as as a problem-solving aid.

The key features of different chapters of this text are as follows. Chapter 1 offers a brief but comprehensive review of the biomass resources, chemical structure and characterization, technologies available for conversion, scientific processes and their related products. The author concludes with a discussion of the impact of biomass as an emerging renewable: challenges and opportunities and a brief discussion about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapter 2 gives an overview of different renewable energy technologies based on sustainability. This chapter gives short overviews on fuzzy-TOPSIS and Monte Carlo tools for renewable energy sustainability. Chapter 3 gives a detailed account of the biomass effect, the energy crisis, biomass impact, and the efficient biomass conversion into energy through the developed technology. Chapter 4 presents recent advances in power electronics in power drive systems, transmission systems, electric vehicles, and more electric aircrafts/ships. The authors offer a short introduction to the state-of-the-art reliability of power converter. Chapter 5 investigates thermal performance of an artificially roughened Corrugated Aluminium Alloy (AlMn1Cu) Plate Solar Air Heater (SAH) at a moderate air flow rate. Chapter 6 is mainly focussed on array reconfiguration methods which are elaborately described through their classification, methodology, and best-suited configuration in each of its categories. As per the momentum situation, as a result of the long wire length prerequisite for PV cluster reconfiguration. In Chapter 7, various rigorous models such as view factor, ray tracing, and empirical models will be studied and a comparison of the optical models and their dependent software for calculating irradiance available to bifacial modules are also discussed. Chapter 8 deals with the intervention of microorganisms for the pre-treatment of lingo-cellulosic biomass to extract the fermentable sugars for bio-fuel production. In Chapter 9, detailed descriptions of various resources, conversion technologies and applications of biomass and bio-energy in upcoming sectors are provided. Chapter 10 takes a tour of renewable energy development in Africa. In this chapter, lessons and policy recommendations from South Africa, Egypt, and Nigeria have been taken.

Sustainable development of pine bio-carbon derived thermally stable and electrically conducting polymer nano-composite films is presented in Chapter 11. Chapter 12 includes power electronics on energy systems and its impact, the current energy scenario, advancement in power semiconductor technology, new power converters for renewable energy systems solar, wind and recent developments in multilevel inverter based PV systems. Chapter 13 elaborates the importance of fuel cells (FCs) for alternative and sustainable energy systems. Chapter 14 typically discusses working mechanism, efficiency and output emission of FCs, hydrogen production and transportation, uses of FCs in industries and automobiles, advancements in the high cost controls, and future advancements of FCs in the market. A huge number of recent ongoing published researches—over 10,000 per year—indicates that a proper use of FCs can easily replace the conventional engine vehicles in the near future. The focus of Chapter 15 is designing, fabrication and testing of miniature hydel impulse turbine prototypes for powering household lightings and auto faucet system. In Chapter 16, the authors demonstrate the modeling, performance analysis, impact study and operational paradigms of a solar photovoltaic power plant. Chapter 17 depicts a systematic survey of different control techniques used in microgrids. Significant recent developments and possible scope for future research are also addressed. In Chapter 18, a brief outline of the challenges in microgrid protection along with the techniques proposed to address them has been analyzed. Specifically, the challenges related to maintaining high reliability during the islanded condition, faults in the DER, and weather intermittency have been discussed at length. Chapter 19 provides optimization theories of finance for generation portfolio. Chapter 20 investigates simple and significant control strategies for the VSCs of the grid integrated PMSG-WES. The strategies are aimed to exert the coordinated control of basic and advanced functions adhering to the grid connectivity requirements of IEGC. As a mode of analysis, PSCAD/EMTDC model is devised to validate the presented control schemes based on experimental observations. Chapter 21 studies radiant cooling systems with parallel desiccant-based dedicated outdoor air system with solar regeneration.

       Dr. Nayan Kumar

      Department of Electrical Engineering, Muzaffarpur Institute of