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Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth Assessment. Группа авторовЧитать онлайн книгу.

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      *Corresponding author: [email protected]

      2

      Assessment of Renewable Energy Technologies Based on Sustainability Indicators for Indian Scenario

       Anuja Shaktawat1* and Shelly Vadhera2

       1SREE, NIT Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

       2Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

       Abstract

      Renewable energy (RE) technologies in India, i.e., large hydropower, small hydropower, onshore wind power, solar photovoltaic (PV), and bioenergy are assessed and ranked based on selected sustainability indicators. Sustainability assessment of RE technologies at a national scale involves a range of conflicting indicators. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are the best tool that can address these conflicts. However, the present assessment used a qualitative scale for some indicators. These qualitative data are associated with uncertainties and a fuzzy MCDM approach is the best tool to address these associated uncertainties in data. Thus, the study ranks the RE technologies in context to India under associated uncertainties using fuzzy-TOPSIS, a well-known MCDM method. Further, it has been reviewed that indicator values vary widely for each RE technology. Accounting for these uncertainties in input data the TOPSIS is run using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to obtain probabilistic ranking. To understand the impact of these uncertainties both the fuzzy-TOPSIS and probabilistic ranking are compared with that obtained from the TOPSIS method and are found to be uncertain. Thus, the study concludes that for better decision-making and energy planning at the national level the uncertainties in input data must be addressed while assessing the sustainability.

      Keywords: Renewable energy, risks, sustainability assessment, sustainability indicators, uncertainties

AHP Analytic hierarchy process
CEA Central electricity authority
CFA Central financial assistance
CSP Concentrated solar power
ELECTRE Elimination and choice translating reality
GHG Greenhouse gas
GW Gigawatt
HPO Hydropower purchase obligation
JNNSM Jawaharlal Nehru national solar mission
MCDM Multicriteria decision making
MCS Monte Carlo simulation
MW Megawatt
NIWE National institute of wind energy
PROMETHEE Preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation
PV Solar photovoltaic
RE Renewable energy
TOPSIS Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution
WSM Weighted sum method

      Fossil fuels-based generation contributes the maximum towards electricity generation in most parts of the world [1]. The increased use of energy from fossil fuels is the major cause of the environmental problem which the world is facing today. To improve the environmental conditions along with economic and social development, both developed and developing countries have already initiated the adoption of suitable energy systems to achieve sustainable development. Development is not possible without energy and sustainable development is not possible without sustainable energy. Thus, it becomes important that the sustainable energy system should be efficient and at the same time limit emissions.

      Global warming as a result of increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fossil fuel-based generation has led the world to gradually switch to renewable energy (RE) based generation. RE sources e.g., wind, solar, hydropower, ocean, geothermal, biomass, etc., have been recognized as a key player in reducing GHG emissions and a path towards a sustainable future [2]. Today one of the most important goals towards achieving sustainability is the transformation to an RE-based economy [3]. However, there are various factors that help to attain sustainable development. For example, the energy sources should be readily available in the long term, should be efficient, and should not cause any form of social impacts while they are being utilized [2].

      India along with many other countries has already taken many initiatives to develop and promote RE-based generation [4]. The regular increasing energy demand in India is met by both commercial and RE sources. In India, the RE supports the government in meeting the country’s three important energy policy objectives, i.e., energy access, energy security, and climate change mitigation, along with reducing dependency on the importing of fossil fuels [5, 6].


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