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Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth Assessment. Группа авторовЧитать онлайн книгу.

Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth Assessment - Группа авторов


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      3.3.1.5.3 Municipal Solid Waste

      Municipal solid waste possesses paper and household wastes, non-degradable plastic waste, and non-flammable materials such as glass and aluminum from various residences [59], [60]. According to several variables, the MSW constitution varies according to household waste, seasonality, housing standards, and the prevalence of measures to reduce waste [60]. Municipal solid waste leads to a significant pollution concern worldwide [61]. All are regulated by dumping rubbish at municipal landfills, recycling to produce valuable products, and incineration for energy generation [59].

      Unregulated OF-MSW’s (organic fraction of municipal solid waste) decomposition contributes to global warming and soil, water, and air pollution [60, 62]. Ebrahimian et al. [61] stated that OF-MSW could process high-value fuels and products to control these issues. Enterobacter aerogenes is one such promising bacterial organism process OF-MSW’s into various biofuel products such as 2, 3-butanediol (octane booster), bioethanol, acetic acid, and biohydrogen, and PHAs (polyhydroxyalkanoates), biomethane. The recovery of the carbon sources present in OF-MSW provided a considerable amount of energy (8236.9 kJ) and an environmentally sustainable bioplastic [61].

      3.3.1.5.4 Food Waste

      3.3.1.5.5 Sewage Waste

Food waste biomass Process of conversion Energy products Reactor Reference
Sludge from a pilot-scale high-rate activated sludge systems co-treating municipal wastewater and food waste Anaerobic digestion at the mesophilic condition Biogas Laboratory-scale mesophilic digester [66]
Thermal-acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SB) and untreated food waste (FW) with waste active sludge (WAS) Anaerobic digestion Biogas Six different batch reactor under ambient condition [67]
Food waste Anaerobic digestion with activated persulfate Biogas - [65]
Food waste (FW) and waste active sludge (WAS) Anaerobic co-digestion with biological co-pretreatment Biogas - [68]
Agri-food waste - Pellets of tomato waste and grape marc Combustion Biofuel Domestic boiler [1]
Pasteurized food wastes and dairy cattle manure Thermophilic anaerobic digestion Biogas Batch and large volume laboratory digesters [69]

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Яндекс.Метрика
Types of sewage waste Biomass Process of conversion Biofuel products Reactor Reference
Sewage sludge Process water (PW) of dewatered waste activated sludge(DWAS) with primary sewage sludge (PSS) Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and Anaerobic co-digestion (AD) at thermophilic and mesophilic conditions Hydrochar (Solid fuel) and methane-rich biogas Mesophilic digesters / Zipperclave 4L stainless steel thermostated reactor / Borosilicate glass digesters [75]
Wet sewage sludge with 85% water content In situ wet-transesterification Biodiesel (BD) Bench-scale (10L) reactor