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      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Optimal result of the order quantity in EOQ.Figure 1.2 Graphical representation of Inventory Instantaneous demand in Brownia...Figure 1.3 Trapezoidal rule in brownian movement.

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 This is a vertical cross-section of a 3-D model. The model represents...Figure 2.2 Schematic diagram of the new method for sampling and measuring potent...Figure 2.3 Computation of changes in the potential field response with increasin...Figure 2.4 Electrode array for landfill monitoring.Figure 2.5 Electrode array for monitoring EOR/IOR processes using subsurface cur...

      3 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Lower and upper approximation of set X.Figure 4.2 Intuitionistic fuzzy set as a generalization of fuzzy set.Figure 4.3 Intuitionistic fuzzy rough set.Figure 4.4 Application of IF rough sets in various fields.Figure 4.5 The country-wise distribution for the number of works in the field of...Figure 4.6 The year-wise distribution for the number of works in the field of IF...

      4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Residual plot for linear regression model of Set I.Figure 5.2 Residual plot for linear regression model of Set II.Figure 5.3 Residual plot for linear regression model of Set III.Figure 5.4 Residual plot for linear regression model of Set IV.Figure 5.5 Residual plot for linear regression model of Set V.Figure 5.6 Residual plot for linear regression model of Set VI.

      5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Schematic representation of simulation.

      6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Graph for flow value of cement mortar with nano silica.Figure 7.2 Graph for flow value of cement mortar with nano Alumina.Figure 7.3 Graph for flow value of cement mortar with nano zinc oxide.Figure 7.4 Graph for flow value of cement mortar with PVA.Figure 7.5 Graph for flow value of cement mortar with nano silica + PVA.Figure 7.6 Graph for flow value of cement mortar with nano Alumina + PVA.Figure 7.7 Graph for flow value of cement mortar with nano Zinc oxide + PVA.Figure 7.8 Graph for flow value of cement mortar with nano silica + nano alumina...

      7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Crystal structure of half-Heusler alloys; (a) LiZnP and (b) LiCdP.Figure 8.2 Total energy vs. volume for half-Heusler alloys; (a) LiZnP and (b) Li...Figure 8.3 (a-b) Band structure of half-Heusler alloys; (a) LiZnP and (b) LiCdP.Figure 8.4 Total density of states (a−b) and Partial density of states (c−d) of ...Figure 8.5 Charge density plots for half-Heusler alloys; (a) LiZnP and (b) LiCdP...Figure 8.6 Variation of Debye temperature with temperature for (a) LiZnP and (b)...Figure 8.7 Variation of Gruneisen parameter with temperature for (a) LiZnP and (...Figure 8.8 Variation of bulk modulus with temperature for (a) LiZnP and (b) LiCd...Figure 8.9 Variation of specific heat capacity with temperature for (a) LiZnP an...Figure 8.10 Variation of thermal expansion coefficient with temperature for (a) ...Figure 8.11 Variation of entropy with temperature for (a) LiZnP and (b) LiCdP.

      8 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Mathematical topics covered.Figure 10.2 Cost function.Figure 10.3 Various types of losses.Figure 10.4 Statistical concepts.Figure 10.5 Descriptive statistics.Figure 10.6 Data visualizations.Figure 10.7 Work flow of building an artificial intelligence model.Figure 10.8 Steps of processing the dataset.Figure 10.9 Application areas.Figure 10.10 Trending areas.

      9 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 An elementary representation of the world’s scientific method is con...Figure 12.2 The conceptual approach to creating a model relates to the developme...Figure 12.3 A socioeconomic model can be constructed based on issues related to ...Figure 12.4 Some fields related to fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory [2, 3, 5].Figure 12.5 The working process of the air conditioner [21].Figure 12.6 Use of fuzzy logic for decision making during car driving [18].

      10 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 An overview of recommendation techniques [13].Figure 13.2 Content-based filtering technique [5].Figure 13.3 Collaborative filtering technique [5].

      11 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Screenshot for the shear capacity prediction program.Graph 14.1 The comparison of testing result for Neural Networks.Graph 14.2 The comparison of testing result for Genetic Programming.Graph 14.3 Coefficient of determination (the results of ANN).Graph 14.4 Coefficient of determination (the results for GEP).

      12 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 (a) Concrete beam specimen. (b) Three small holes in sound steel rei...Figure 16.2 Raw magnetic field data from the surface of the drilled reinforced c...Figure 16.3 Raw magnetic field data from the surface of sound reinforced concret...Figure 16.4 Eigensignals of sound steel reinforcement.Figure 16.5 Eigensignals of drilled steel reinforcement.Figure 16.6 Subtraction of Eigensignal from threshold Eigensignal. Red line show...

      13 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Flow diagram of EGPLC model.Figure 17.2 Pictorial representation of EGPLC.Figure 17.3 Stability of deterministic EGPLC model.Figure 17.4 Stochastic of EGPLC model.

      14 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 The circuit diagram.Figure 18.2 Lyapunov exponents of the Modified Colpitts oscillator. (a) The Lyap...Figure 18.3 Portrait of Colpitts. (a) Chaotic nature between x₁ and x₂. (b) Poin...Figure 18.4 The parameter estimation of the modified Colpitts oscillator.Figure 18.5 The stability of the modified Colpitts oscillator.Figure 18.6 Synchronization of the modified colpitts oscillator. (a) Synchroniza...Figure 18.7 Error dynamics of chaotic colspitts oscillator.Figure 18.8 Synchronization of identical modified Colpitts oscillator, error plo...Figure 18.9 Op amp circuit diagram of chaotic variable x₁.Figure 18.10 Op amp circuit diagram of chaotic variable x₂.Figure 18.11 Op amp circuit diagram of chaotic variable x₃.Figure 18.12 Op amp circuit diagram of chaotic variable x₄.

      1 Chapter