A Synopsis of the Birds of North America. John James AudubonЧитать онлайн книгу.
to Kentucky, during winter. From Pennsylvania eastward to Nova Scotia, in summer, breeding in all the intermediate parts. Common.
Brown Creeper, Certhia familiaris, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 122.
Certhia familiaris, Bonap. Syn. p. 280.
Brown Creeper, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 585.
Brown Creeper, Certhia familiaris, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 158.
GENUS II. TROGLODYTES, Cuv. WREN
Bill of moderate length, or nearly as long as the head, slender, slightly arched, much compressed toward the end; upper mandible with the dorsal line slightly convex, the edges a little inflected toward the end, the notches slight, the tip rather acute; lower mandible with the angle rather long and narrow, the outline slightly decurved, the sides erect and convex, the edges inclinate, the tip acute. Nostrils oblong, operculate, exposed. Head oblong; neck short; body slender. Feet of ordinary length, rather strong; tarsus longer than the middle toe, compressed, with eight anterior distinct scutella; toes of moderate size, the third and fourth united at the base, the first very large, the lateral nearly equal; claws rather long, moderately arched, much compressed, very acute. Plumage soft and blended. Bristles obsolete. Wings of moderate length, or short, convex, much rounded; the first quill very small, the fourth and fifth longest. Tail rather short, rounded, of twelve slightly arched, weak, rounded feathers.
116. 1. Troglodytes obsoletus, Say. Rock-Wren
Plate CCCLX. Fig. 4. Female.
Upper parts dull yellowish-brown, and, excepting the rump, barred with greyish-brown; wings similarly barred, excepting the primaries; secondary coverts with a small white spot near the tip; tail-coverts and two middle tail-feathers barred with dusky; the rest broadly tipped with pale yellowish-red, undulated with dusky, behind which is a broad band of brownish-black, the remaining or basal part banded like the central feathers, the outer with four reddish-white spots or bars on the outer web, the intervals being brownish-black, and a spot of white on the inner web; lower parts greyish-white, tinged with sienna, the sides inclining to yellowish-red; lower tail-coverts barred with dusky.
Female, 6, wing 211/12.
Rocky Mountains and Columbia River. Abundant. Migratory.
Troglodytes obsoleta, Say, Long's Exped.
Troglodytes obsoleta, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 6.
Rocky Mountain Wren, Troglodytes obsoleta, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 435.
Rock Wren, Troglodytes obsoletus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 443.
117. 2. Troglodytes ludovicianus, Bonap. Great Carolina Wren
Plate LXXVIII. Male and Female.
Bill stouter than in the last, nearly as long as the head; wing with the fourth and fifth quills longest; tail much rounded; upper parts brownish-red; a yellowish-white streak over the eye, extending far down the neck, and edged above with dark brown; a broader band of reddish-brown behind the eye; quills, coverts, and tail barred with blackish-brown; secondary and first row of small coverts tipped with white, shafts of the latter also white; throat greyish-white, lower parts light reddish-buff, deeper behind; lower tail-coverts white, barred with black. Female lighter above, tinged with grey beneath, without white on the wing-coverts.
Male, 51/2, 71/2.
From Texas to New York, along the Atlantic coast. In the interior to the Missouri, and up the Ohio to Pittsburgh. Resident in the Southern States. Abundant.
Great Carolina Wren, Certhia Caroliniana, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 61.
Troglodytes ludovicianus, Bonap. Syn. p. 93.
Great Carolina Mocking Wren, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 429.
Great Carolina Wren, Troglodytes ludovicianus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 399; v. v. p. 466.
118. 3. Troglodytes Bewickii, Aud. Bewick's Wren
Plate XVIII. Male.
Bill more slender than that of the last, nearly as long as the head, slightly arched; wing very short, with the fifth quill longest, but little exceeding the fourth and sixth; tail rather long, graduated. Upper parts dusky brown tinged with grey; lower greyish-white, the sides tinged with brown; a band of yellowish-white from the upper mandible over the eye to half-way down the neck; quills and wing-coverts barred with dusky, as are the tail-coverts and two middle tail-feathers; outer web of the lateral tail-feathers, and the terminal portions of the others whitish, barred with black, their middle parts black, toward the base barred with reddish-brown.
Male, 5, 61/2.
From Louisiana to Columbia River on the one hand, and to Pennsylvania on the other, principally on high grounds. Not very common. Migratory.
Bewick's Wren, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 434.
Bewick's Wren, Troglodytes Bewickii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 96; v. v. p. 467.
119. 4. Troglodytes Americanus, Aud. Wood-Wren
Plate CLXXIX. Male.
Bill of moderate length, nearly straight; wings short, with the third, fourth, and fifth quills almost equal, the fourth longest; tail rather long, much rounded. Upper parts dark reddish-brown, duller and tinged with grey on the head, indistinctly barred with dusky; lower parts brownish-grey, faintly barred on the fore neck, breast, and sides, the abdomen and lower tail-coverts distinctly barred; feathers of the cheeks light grey tipped with brown, wings and tail undulatingly banded with blackish-brown.
Male, 47/8, 63/4.
Northern parts of Vermont and Maine, during summer. Winters in South Carolina. Not very rare.
Wood-Wren, Troglodytes Americana. Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 452; v. v. p. 469.
120. 5. Troglodytes ædon, Vieill. House-Wren
Plate LXXXIII. Male, Female, and Young.
Bill of moderate length, nearly straight, a little stouter than that of the last; wings short, with the third, fourth, and fifth quills almost equal, the fourth longest; tail rather short, much rounded. Upper parts dull reddish-brown, darker on the head, brighter on the tail-coverts, indistinctly barred with dusky; lower parts brownish-grey, faintly barred on the fore neck and breast, the sides, abdomen, and lower tail-coverts distinctly barred; feathers of the cheeks grey, tipped with brown; wings and tail undulatingly banded with blackish-brown. This species differs from the last in being considerably smaller, in having the bill shorter and stouter, the lower parts more tinged with brown; but the colouring of the two is extremely similar.
Male, 41/2, 51/2.
From Maryland to Nova Scotia, and across the continent to the Columbia River. Very abundant. Migratory.
House Wren, Sylvia domestica, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 129.
Troglodytes ædon, Bonap. Syn. p. 92.
House Wren, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 422.
Troglodytes ædon, House Wren, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 316.
House Wren, Troglodytes ædon, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 427; v. v. p. 470.
121. 6. Troglodytes hyemalis, Vieill. Winter-Wren
Plate CCCLX. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female. Fig. 3. Young.
Bill of moderate length, nearly straight; wings shortish, with the fourth quill longest; tail short, much rounded. Upper parts reddish-brown, faintly barred with dusky, darker on the head, brighter on the tail-coverts, quills, and tail; lower parts pale reddish-brown, the sides and abdomen barred with brownish-black and greyish-white; fore neck and breast more faintly barred; lower wing-coverts and axillars greyish-white, barred with dusky, lower tail-coverts brownish-red, barred with dusky, and having the tip white; a whitish streak over the eye; cheeks brown, spotted with brownish-white; secondary coverts, and first small coverts, each with a white spot at the tip, forming two inconspicuous