The Younger Edda; Also called Snorre's Edda, or The Prose Edda. Snorri SturlusonЧитать онлайн книгу.

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this hall the good and the righteous shall dwell through all ages. Thus says the Prophecy of the Vala:

      A hall I know, standing

      Than the sun fairer,

      Than gold better,

      Gimle by name.

      There shall good

      People dwell,

      And forever

      Delights enjoy.29

      Then said Ganglere: Who guards this palace when Surt’s fire burns up heaven and earth? Har answered: It is said that to the south and above this heaven is another heaven, which is called Andlang. But there is a third, which is above these, and is called Vidblain, and in this heaven we believe this mansion (Gimle) to be situated; but we deem that the light-elves alone dwell in it now.

      CHAPTER VIII.

      THE ASAS

      18. Then said Ganglere: Whence comes the wind? It is so strong that it moves great seas, and fans fires to flame, and yet, strong as it is, it cannot be seen. Therefore it is wonderfully made. Then answered Har: That I can tell you well. At the northern end of heaven sits a giant, who hight Hrasvelg. He is clad in eagles’ plumes, and when he spreads his wings for flight, the winds arise from under them. Thus is it here said:

      Hrasvelg hight he

      Who sits at the end of heaven,

      A giant in eagle’s disguise.

      From his wings, they say,

      The wind does come

      Over all mankind.30

      19. Then said Ganglere: How comes it that summer is so hot, but the winter so cold? Har answered: A wise man would not ask such a question, for all are able to tell this; but if you alone have become so stupid that you have not heard of it, then I would rather forgive you for asking unwisely once than that you should go any longer in ignorance of what you ought to know. Svasud is the name of him who is father of summer, and he lives such a life of enjoyment, that everything that is mild is from him called sweet (svasligt). But the father of winter has two names, Vindlone and Vindsval. He is the son of Vasad, and all that race are grim and of icy breath, and winter is like them.

      20. Then asked Ganglere: Which are the asas, in whom men are bound to believe? Har answered him: Twelve are the divine asas. Jafnhar said: No less holy are the asynjes (goddesses), nor is their power less. Then added Thride: Odin is the highest and oldest of the asas. He rules all things, but the other gods, each according to his might, serve him as children a father. Frigg is his wife, and she knows the fate of men, although she tells not thereof, as it is related that Odin himself said to Asa-Loke:

      Mad are you, Loke!

      And out of your senses;

      Why do you not stop?

      Fortunes all,

      Methinks, Frigg knows,

      Though she tells them not herself.31

      Odin is called Alfather, for he is the father of all the gods; he is also called Valfather, for all who fall in fight are his chosen sons. For them he prepares Valhal and Vingolf, where they are called einherjes (heroes). He is also called Hangagod, Haptagod, Farmagod; and he gave himself still more names when he came to King Geirrod:

      Grim is my name,

      And Ganglare,

      Herjan, Hjalmbore,

      Thek, Thride,

      Thud, Ud,

      Helblinde, Har,

      Sad, Svipal,

      Sangetal,

      Herteit, Hnikar,

      Bileyg, Baleyg,

      Bolverk, Fjolner,

      Grimner, Glapsvid, Fjolsvid,

      Sidhot, Sidskeg,

      Sigfather, Hnikud,

      Alfather, Atrid, Farmatyr,

      Oske, Ome,

      Jafnhar, Biflinde,

      Gondler, Harbard,

      Svidur, Svidrir,

      Jalk, Kjalar, Vidur,

      Thro, Yg, Thund,

      Vak, Skilfing,

      Vafud, Hroptatyr,

      Gaut, Veratyr.32

      Then said Ganglere: A very great number of names you have given him; and this I know, forsooth, that he must be a very wise man who is able to understand and decide what chances are the causes of all these names. Har answered: Much knowledge is needed to explain it all rightly, but still it is shortest to tell you that most of these names have been given him for the reason that, as there are many tongues in the world, so all peoples thought they ought to turn his name into their tongue, in order that they might be able to worship him and pray to him each in its own language. Other causes of these names must be sought in his journeys, which are told of in old sagas; and you can lay no claim to being called a wise man if you are not able to tell of these wonderful adventures.

      21. Then said Ganglere: What are the names of the other asas? What is their occupation, and what works have they wrought? Har answered: Thor is the foremost of them. He is called Asa-Thor, or Oku-Thor.33 He is the strongest of all gods and men, and rules over the realm which is called Thrudvang. His hall is called Bilskirner. Therein are five hundred and forty floors, and it is the largest house that men have made. Thus it is said in Grimner’s Lay:

      Five hundred floors

      And forty more,

      Methinks, has bowed Bilskirner.

      Of houses all

      That I know roofed

      I know my son’s is the largest.34

      Thor has two goats, by name Tangnjost and Tangrisner, and a chariot, wherein he drives. The goats draw the chariot; wherefore he is called Oku-Thor.35 He possesses three valuable treasures. One of them is the hammer Mjolner, which the frost-giants and mountain-giants well know when it is raised; and this is not to be wondered at, for with it he has split many a skull of their fathers or friends. The second treasure he possesses is Megingjarder (belt of strength); when he girds himself with it his strength is doubled. His third treasure that is of so great value is his iron gloves; these he cannot do without when he lays hold of the hammer’s haft. No one is so wise that he can tell all his great works; but I can tell you so many tidings of him that it will grow late before all is told that I know.

      22. Thereupon said Ganglere: I wish to ask tidings of more of the asas. Har gave him answer: Odin’s second son is Balder, and of him good things are to be told. He is the best, and all praise him. He is so fair of face and so bright that rays of light issue from him; and there is a plant so white that it is likened unto Balder’s brow, and it is the whitest of all plants. From this you can judge of the beauty both of his hair and of his body. He is the wisest, mildest and most eloquent of all the asas; and such is his nature that none can alter the judgment he has pronounced. He inhabits the place in heaven called Breidablik, and there nothing unclean can enter. As is here said:

      Breidablik it is called,

      Where Balder has

      Built for himself a hall

      In the land

      Where I know is found

      The least of evil.36

      23. The third asa is he who is called Njord. He dwells in Noatun, which is in heaven. He rules the course

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