José Martí Reader. Jose MartiЧитать онлайн книгу.
1873
February 15: Martí’s short essay “La República española ante de la Revolución cubana” (“The Spanish Republic and the Cuban Revolution”) is published as a pamphlet in Madrid.
May: He moves to Zaragoza and enrolls at the Literary University while continuing his other studies.
1874
June—October: During this period, Martí obtains a Bachelor of Civil and Canon Law and Doctoral Degree of Philosophy and Humanities with exceptional grades.
December 1874–February 1875: He travels from Spain to Mexico, stopping over in Paris, Le Havre, Liverpool, New York (where he stays 11 days), Havana, Progreso, Campeche and Veracruz.
1875
February: Martí arrives in Mexico City, where he is reunited with his parents and sisters and meets Manuel Mercado.
May: He becomes a member of the editorial staff of the Revista Universal, a newspaper on which he has worked since March.
December 19: His short play Amor con amor se paga (Love is Repaid with Love) has its first performance.
1876
February 20: Martí begins to work on El Socialista, organ of the Great Workers’ Circle of Mexico (GCOM).
June: The Workers’ Hope (EE) society, whose headquarters were in the capital, names him a representative to the first workers’ congress ever held in Mexico, although there is no documentation on his participation.
December 29: He leaves Mexico shortly after General Porfirio Díaz takes power through a bloody civil war.
1877
January—April: Martí arrives in Havana clandestinely, then goes on to Progreso and to Guatemala.
April: He begins teaching at the Normal School in Guatemala.
May 29: He is appointed as a professor at the university of French, English, Italian and German literature.
December 20: Martí returns to Mexico City, where he marries Carmen Zayas Bazán. He also publishes his pamphlet “Guatemala” there.
1878
February 10: The Zanjón Pact is signed in Cuba, ending the Ten Years War and allowing exiles to return to the island.
April 6: Martí resigns from the Normal School in protest against the arbitrary removal of its principal José María Izaguirre. This is his last public opposition to the policies of Guatemalan President Justo Rufino Barrios.
July—August: He travels to Honduras and then to Havana.
October: He immerses himself in the conspiracies of the clubs in Havana attached to the Cuban Revolutionary Committee (CRC), which is based in New York.
November 22: His only son, José Francisco, is born.
1879
March 18: The Central Revolutionary Club (CCR) is founded in a meeting of conspirators in Havana, and Martí is elected Vice-President.
June: The Cuban Revolutionary Committee names Martí as its deputy delegate on the island.
August 24–25: The so-called Little War of Independence begins in Santiago de Cuba.
September 17: Martí is arrested and accused (without process of law) of being linked to the insurrectional movement.
September—December: He is deported to Spain, from where he leaves clandestinely for France and then New York.
1880
January 9: A few days after his arrival in New York, the Cuban Revolutionary Committee resolves to make Martí one of its directors.
March 26: He becomes acting Chairman of the Committee when General Calixto García, its Chairman, leaves for Cuba. General García is taken prisoner in August, and the war ends unsuccessfully.
1881
January: Martí travels from New York to Caracas, Venezuela.
February—March: He works as a teacher in the Santa María and Villegas schools.
June: He contributes to La Opinión Nacional in Caracas.
July 1: The first issue of Revista Venezolana (Venezuelan Magazine), which Martí finances and edits, is published. After the second issue of the publication is distributed, General Antonio Guzmán Blanco, President of Venezuela, accuses Martí of interfering in the internal affairs of the country and orders him to leave Venezuela.
August 20: From New York, he writes what is considered to be his first feature article for La Opinión Nacional.
1882
April: Martí’s book of poems Ismaelillo, written in Caracas, is published in New York.
July 15: He writes his first feature article for La Nación of Buenos Aires.
July 20: Martí asks Generals Máximo Gómez and Antonio Maceo to help organize the pro-independence forces and oppose those who seek Cuba’s annexation to the United States.
1883
March: Martí begins to work on La América magazine. The following year, he becomes its editor.
1884
October 10: Martí’s first public speech in New York commemorating the beginning of Cuba’s first War of Independence in 1868.
October 20: Martí writes to General Máximo Gómez explaining that he is withdrawing his support for the revolutionary activities of Generals Gómez and Maceo — whom he had joined as soon as they reached New York — because he is concerned that they are putting personal aims ahead of the interests of the movement.
1885
His novel Amistad funesta (Ill-Fated Friendship) is published (under the name Adelaida Ral) as a serial in El Latino Americano of New York.
1886
May 15: Martí sends in his first feature article to El Partido Liberal of Mexico.
1887
April 16: Martí is appointed Uruguay’s Consul in New York.
October 10: He gives a speech to pro-independence émigrés, one of many on this anniversary of the “Cry of Yara” in 1868.
November 30: He is elected Chairman of the Executive Committee that was set up to organize revolutionary activities by émigrés and Cubans on the island. (Five months later, he acknowledges that no significant advances had been made.)
1889
March 25: The daily New York Evening Post publishes Martí’s “Vindication of Cuba,” a letter replying to two anti-Cuban articles that had appeared in the US press. He includes both of those articles and his reply in a pamphlet, “Cuba y los Estados Unidos” (“Cuba and the United