None of Us Were Like This Before. Joshua PhillipsЧитать онлайн книгу.
At one point, he too became a local news story when he was arrested and detained by the Americans. Like other Khost detainees, he was bound and hooded by US forces, shipped to Salerno and then on to Bagram. Soldiers held Sadat’s family at gunpoint and rifled through his reporter’s notebooks.6 His arrest provoked a public outcry, and US forces soon released him, explaining they had mistakenly captured the wrong suspect. The US military apologized to Sadat, and he maintains that he wasn’t mistreated (except for the property damaged in his home during the arrest) and said he holds no resentment toward his captors.
During our ride from Salerno to Khost City, he asked me many questions about my visit. There were a lot of Taliban in the province, and the area was often gripped by violence. Weeks before we arrived, Khost suffered a string of suicide bomber attacks that claimed fourteen lives.7 Sadat was especially curious why an American journalist would visit such a hostile region in order to report on detainee abuse.
“I have very good relations with the American base,” he said. “The American soldiers will be unhappy when your book comes out, no?”
Sadat seemed worried that even the slightest involvement with my reporting would sour his relations with the local US military forces in Khost. I had a feeling that Wahid was also unsure about the value of our research. Afghanistan has seen many long and bloody wars that have wrought untold misery. Why focus on one tragedy in Afghanistan, no matter how appalling?
Sadat weaved his car through Khost’s bustling, dusty streets, seeking shelter for his new guests and a meeting place for our local contacts. The Governor’s Guesthouse, where meetings and official functions took place, offered the best accommodations in town, though it lacked certain amenities—no regular running water, the electrical power switched on only after sunset, and one unsanitary bathroom shared by two floors of guests. Tall concrete barriers lay on alternating sides of the entrance road to prevent oncoming cars from gaining enough momentum to crash a suicide car bomb into the building. Guards languidly settled themselves in the sort of plastic chairs commonly seen on suburban American lawns, and shifted positions only when a new visitor arrived, checking bags, frisking, prodding them with questions, and so forth.
A lush flower garden in the main courtyard, just past the perimeter, perfumed the air with assorted roses and wild jasmine. A row of small stone stools and faucets lined the entrance for guests to perform ablutions before prayer. Staff and occupants warmly greeted new arrivals by simultaneously slapping one another on opposite shoulders. Such contrasts are ubiquitous in Afghanistan—a severe country, punctuated by harsh landscapes and perennial violence, yet home to welcoming and generous people.
One of the Guesthouse residents was the governor’s security attaché, a stocky Tajik Afghan whom Wahid and I nicknamed “Tank” on account of his build. Tank stood out because he didn’t wear a thick beard and local clothes. Instead, he sported a neatly trimmed mustache, black slacks, and a white short-sleeved shirt. He flashed a glamorous smile, walked forcefully with an open, holstered sidearm, and rapidly dispatched soldiers and security personnel. Tank had personally shielded Khost’s governor against four assassination attempts. The last one occurred at a hospital, when a man dressed like a doctor exploded his suicide bomb just four yards away. You need a keen eye to pick out suicide bombers, said Tank, who explained that he could quickly recognize suspects because they often sweat nervously and dress in bulky clothing or seem to be carrying suspiciously heavy gear. And how do you stop them? Tank said he tried to shoot them in the leg instead of the head (which is difficult to aim at) or the chest (where the bomb is typically strapped).
“It is very difficult, and if you miss you hit people behind him,” he said.
A large sign with “Civilian Military Operations Center” emblazoned in English in large black letters occupied the main wall upstairs. Khost’s Governor’s Guesthouse was once the location for US military offices, and our rooms were plastered with military maps: the “Afghanistan Town and Airfield Plans (AIR),” produced by the DGIA (the UK’s Defence Geographic and Imagery Intelligence Agency), and a massive gray “unclassified” map of Khost province “produced by the 25th Engineering Detachment, 25th Infantry Division (Light).” Our accommodations seemed to afford the best security in the city, and yet these relics of a foreign military presence hardly made it an ideal place to meet former detainees.
Many of the Afghans connected to the Dilawar case were wary about describing their experiences; some feared meeting with an American, perhaps suspecting I was connected to the US military. Wahid and I first met Shapoor, Dilawar’s older brother, who raised and sold livestock in Khost province. He was initially leery about helping us, but once he understood that we genuinely wanted to learn what had happened to his brother, he changed his mind and helped arrange interviews with the taxi driver who witnessed how the Afghan forces handled Dilawar during his initial arrest. Days later, Shapoor informed us that the taxi driver “had to go to a family funeral.”
“I think he will not come—I am sure he is too afraid.”
We asked if we could meet Dilawar’s closest friend, Bacha Khan.
“He will not meet you. He is too afraid.”
How about meeting the rest of the family? Maybe your parents?
“Every time they hear his name, it is as though he has just died,” explained Shapoor. “As soon as they hear ‘Dilawar,’ they begin crying and don’t stop for twenty days.”
“This upsets us so much because we support the government,” he said, referring to the US-backed government of President Hamid Karzai.
Shapoor combed his hair with his henna-painted fingernails and tugged his pakol hat around his head. He inhaled deep lungfuls of cigarette smoke and described how he tried to rescue his younger brother and allay his parents’ fears.
We met others who knew Dilawar and were with him at various times during his journey, including former detainees from Bagram. Parkhudin was one of Dilawar’s passengers. He had been with Dilawar from the start, when their journey first began on Khost’s dirt road to Salerno, and he eventually wound up in Guantanamo after being held by US forces in Afghanistan. After he was released from US captivity, he returned home and was soon jailed for robbery. The only way to interview Parkhudin was to meet with him in an Afghan jail.
One afternoon, Sadat drove us to Khost’s local prison, an old fortresslike facility that offered a panoramic view of the city. Parkhudin hobbled into a crumbling prison office wearing a blue-striped pajama-like uniform, his wrists bound by handcuffs. Friendly prison guards dressed in olive green uniforms served us tea and milk candies. They filed in and out of the office past washed-out photos of President Karzai.
Parkhudin had been with Dilawar from the start, when their journey first began on Khost’s dirt road to Salerno.
On December 1, 2002, a family of ten gathered near Yakubi, a small town in eastern Afghanistan. They were preparing to celebrate Eid, the Islamic holiday that marks the end of fasting for Ramadan. Eid is the Muslim version of Thanksgiving or Passover—a dinner to give thanks and celebrate the virtues of peace and forgiveness.
The mother of the family had summoned her son Dilawar, a twenty-two-year-old who, like many Afghans, went by one name—a name that means “brave” in Dari (the predominant language of Afghanistan). Dilawar’s mother asked him to collect his sisters so they could join the rest of the family for dinner. His sisters were married and lived in other villages, so Dilawar needed to fill up the tank of his white Corolla before setting out. One good taxi fare would be enough. He headed for the provincial capital, Khost, about fifteen miles past the American base, Forward Operating Base Salerno, nicknamed “Rocket City”—a favorite target of the Taliban.
It was a long, bumpy ride to Khost, a small bustling city set amidst gray-and-white-flecked mountain valleys. Fighting regularly plagued the region: in the 1980s, during the eight-year Russian siege of Afghanistan, Khost was a robust pocket of resistance; during the Taliban’s tenure, Osama bin Laden used a CIA-built facility to train al Qaeda recruits; in August 1998, President Bill Clinton bombed the Khost camp with cruise missiles. After September 11, 2001, the Taliban battled advancing US forces from these hills and often crossed the