Economically and Environmentally Sustainable Enhanced Oil Recovery. M. R. IslamЧитать онлайн книгу.

      1 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Classification of the procedures use by Al-Razi in Book of Secrets.Table 2.2 Mercury contents after cinnabar and HgCl₂ administration for 10 day...Table 2.3 Mercury contents after cinnabar and HgS administration for 10 days ...Table 2.4 Abundance number for various elements present in the universe (from...Table 2.5 Per capita energy consumption (in TOE) for certain countries (From ...Table 2.6 US crude oil and natural gas reserve (Million barrels) (From Islam,...

      2 Chapter 3Table 3.1 The tangible and intangible nature of yin and yang (from Islam, 201...Table 3.2 Characteristic frequency of “natural” objects.Table 3.3 Estimated global water distribution (from Shiklomanov, 1993).Table 3.4 Contrasting features of water and petroleum.Table 3.5 Contrasting properties of hydrogen and oxygen.Table 3.6 Similar and contrasting properties of hydrogen and oxygen.Table 3.7 Characteristic properties of carbon (from Islam, 2014).Table 3.8 Major organic compounds and their functions.Table 3.9 Natural polymers and their bonds.Table 3.10 Contrast in reservoir in oxygen and carbon reservoirs.Table 3.11 Contrasting and unifying features of oxygen and carbon (from Islam...Table 3.12 Sun composition (Chaisson and McMillan, 1997).Table 3.13 Wavelengths of various visible colors (From Islam, 2014).Table 3.14 Wavelengths of known waves (from Islamet al., 2015).Table 3.15 Contrasting and unifying characters of oxygen and nitrogen.Table 3.16 Major users of nitrogen fertilizer (from FAO, n.d.).Table 3.17 Nutrients present in a typical fertile soil (from Holt and Wilson,...

      3 Chapter 4Table 4.1 U.S proven reserves, and reserves changes, 2016-17 (From EIA, 2019)...Table 4.2 Crude oil and lease condensate production and proved reserves from ...Table 4.3 Total U.S. proved reserves of natural gas, wet after lease separati...Table 4.4 World proved reserves (From EIA, 2019).Table 4.5 Summary of Proven Reserve Data as of (Dec) 2016 (From Islamet al., ...Table 4.6 CIA factbook data on oil reserve.Table 4.7 CIA factbook gas reserve.Table 4.8 Gas reserve with various methods.Table 4.9 Chemical composition (wt%) of minerals from plagiogneis (from Ivano...Table 4.10 Published isotopic mineral ages for Precambrian basement in southw...Table 4.11 Depositional environments and rock units selected for study of res...Table 4.12 Norphlet Formation, Gulf of Mexico Basin—Summary of geological cha...Table 4.13 Minnelusa Formation, Powder River Basin—Summary of geological char...Table 4.14 Frio Formation, Gulf of Mexico Basin—Summary of geological charact...Table 4.15 Morrow Formation, Anadarko and Denver Basins—Summary of geological...Table 4.16 Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin—Summary of geological characterist...Table 4.17 Bakken Formation, Williston Basin—Summary of geological characteri...Table 4.18 Ellenburger Group, Permian Basin—Summary of geological characteris...Table 4.19 Mackover Formation, Gulf Coast region—Summary of geological charac...Table 4.20 Spraberry Formation, Midland Basin—Summary of geological character...Table 4.21 Location of, number of fields and wells in, cumulative production ...

      4 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Various stages of fracture data collection.Table 5.2 Quality ranking scheme for borehole breakouts in a single well inte...Table 5.3 Quality ranking scheme for drilling induced fractures from image lo...Table 5.4 Elastic parameters used by Shen (1998).Table 5.5 Elastic parameters and fracture parameters of Model 1 and Model 2.Table 5.6 Length of lateral sections, average true vertical depth of lateral ...Table 5.7 Results of fracture identification in Well A-1.Table 5.8 Results of fracture identification in Well A-2.Table 5.9 Comparison of estimated fracture aperture between pairs of conducti...Table 5.10 List of borehole imaging tools from which BGS holds digital data, ...Table 5.11 Geological characterization from GR Spectralog (From Islamet al., ...Table 5.12 Physical characteristics of the reservoir rock (Batiniet al., 2002...Table 5.13 Core analysis results (Batiniet al., 2002).Table 5.14 Well test results (from Islamet al., 2018).Table 5.15 Comparison between geophysical logs and well testing (from Islamet...

      5 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Selection criteria forin situ combustion (from Kujawa and Lechtenbe...Table 6.2 Summary of proven reserve data as of 2018 (Data from CIA Factbook a...Table 6.3 Reserve recovery ratios for different countries (Data from BP, 2017...Table 6.4 Variation in reserves for top oil producing countries (data from BP...Table 6.5 Variations in reserve/production ratios for various countries (Data...Table 6.6 Global RPR of oil, natural gas and coal (BP, 2018).Table 6.7 History of largest oil reservoirs worldwide.

      6 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Screening criteria for CO₂ projects as used in the United States (f...Table 7.2 Recent history of bitumen production (from AER, 2018).Table 7.3 Polymers in heavy oil applications.Table 7.4 Selection criteria of polymer injection candidates.Table 7.5 Screening criteria for ASP (from Sheng, 2015).Table 7.6 Summary of alkali-surfactant projects worldwide (from Sheng, 2015).Table 7.7 Properties of certain surfactants (From Olajire, 2014).Table 7.8 Advantages and disadvantages of the ASP process (from Olajire, 2014...Table 7.9 Overall performance of various EOR techniques (from A.A. Olajire, 2...Table 7.10 List of MEOR Laboratory and field applications (from Shibulalet alTable 7.11 Alkaline leachate and their pH (table from Asakuraet al., 2010).Table 7.12 Types of alkaline waste and their properties (from Gomeset al., 20...Table 7.13 Selected projects involving CO₂ injection.Table 7.14 Various EOR projects in USA.Table 7.15 In situ combustion projects in carbonate reservoirs of the United Stat...Table 7.16 Miscible and immiscible nitrogen floods (continuous or WAG) in the...Table 7.17 Hydrocarbon injection projects in carbonate reservoirs of the Unit...Table 7.18 Examples of steamfloods in carbonate reservoirs of the United Stat...Table 7.19 Chemical floods in carbonate reservoirs of the United States.Table 7.20 Examples of chemical floods in carbonate reservoirs of the United ...

      7 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Emission from a refinery (Environmental Defense, 2005).Table 8.2 Primary wastes from oil refinery (Environmental Defense, 2005).Table 8.3 The HSS^®A^® pathway in energy management schemes.Table 8.4 Overview of Petroleum Refining Processes (U.S. Department of Labour...Table 8.5 Wave length and quantum energy levels of different radiation source...

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Chapter 4 solves the puzzle of what really is the fossil fuel ass...

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Various steps involved in petroleum technology.Figure 2.2 The usefulness of metal depends on its concentration as well as s...Figure 2.3 Relative output spectra of low- and medium pressure mercury arc l...Figure 2.4 Scientific pathway of a chemical reaction modified from Kalbarczy...Figure 2.5 Pathway followed by arsenic chemicals.Picture 2.1 The refining technique used by the Alchemists.Figure 2.6 History of natural gas production from New York.Figure 2.6a History of oil production in New York (from EIA, 2018).Picture 2.2 Typical proppants, used during fracturing.Figure 2.7 Effect of proppant geometry on fracturing efficiency.Figure 2.8 Public perception toward energy sources (Ipsos, 2011).Figure 2.9 Energy outlook for 2040 as compared to 2016 under various scenari...Figure 2.10 There are different trends in population growth depending on the...Figure 2.11 Per capita energy consumption growth for certain countries.Figure 2.12 A strong correlation between a tangible index and per capita ene...Figure 2.13 While population growth has been tagged as the source of economi...Figure 2.14 Population and energy paradox for China (From Speight and Islam,...Figure 2.15 Energy content of different fuels (MJ/kg) (from Spight and Islam...Figure 2.16 Fossil fuel reserves and exploration activities.Figure 2.17 Discovery of natural gas reserves with exploration activities (F...

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Water-fire yin yang, showing how without one the other is meaning...Figure 3.2 The sun, earth, and moon all are moving at a characteristic speed...Figure 3.3 Orbital speed vs size (not to scale) (From Islam, 2014).Figure 3.4 The heart beat (picture above) represents natural frequency of a ...Figure 3.5 Maximum and minimum heart rate for different age groups (From Isl...Figure 3.6 Tangible/intangible duality continues infinitely for mega scale t...Figure 3.7 The transition from time/matter yin yang to energy/mass yin yang....Picture 3.1 It is reported that two galaxies are in a collision course (Cowa...Figure 3.8 Characteristic speed (or frequency) can act as the unique functio...Figure 3.9 Rendering real value into artificial loss, while profiteering.Picture 3.2 The difference between charcoal and diamond can be captured in t...Figure 3.10 Yin yang feature of the various components of water and petroleu...Picture 3.3 This single-celled green diatom