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The Naval War of 1812. Theodore RooseveltЧитать онлайн книгу.

The Naval War of 1812 - Theodore  Roosevelt


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to New England, 32 per cent, to the Middle States, and 11 per cent, to Maryland. This makes it probable (but of course not certain) that three fourths of the common sailors hailed from the Northern States, half the remainder from Maryland, and the rest chiefly from Virginia and South Carolina.

      Having thus discussed somewhat at length the character of our officers and crews, it will now be necessary to present some statistical tables to give a more accurate idea of the composition of the navy; the tonnage, complements, and armaments of the ships, etc.

      At the beginning of the war the Government possessed six navy-yards (all but the last established in 1801) as follows: 27

Place Original Cost Minimum number of men employed
1. Portsmouth. N. H., $ 5,500 10
2. Charleston, Mass., 39,214 20
3. New York, 40,000 102
4. Philadelphia, 37,000 13
5. Washington, 4,000 36
6. Gosport, 12,000 16

      In 1812 the following was the number of officers in the navy:

       28

      12 captains

       10 masters commandant

       73 lieutenants

       53 masters

       310 midshipmen

       42 marine officers

       ——-

       500

      At the opening of the year, the number of seamen, ordinary seamen, and boys in service was 4,010, and enough more were recruited to increase it to 5,230, of whom only 2,346 were destined for the cruising war vessels, the remainder being detailed for forts, gun-boats, navy yards, the lakes, etc. 29 The marine corps was already ample, consisting of 1,523 men. 30

      No regular navy lists were published till 1816, and I have been able to get very little information respecting the increase in officers and men during 1813 and 1814; but we have full returns for 1815, which may be summarized as follows: 31

      30 captains,

       25 masters commandant,

       141 lieutenants,

       24 commanders,

       510 midshipmen,

       230 sailing-masters,

       50 surgeons,

       12 chaplains,

       50 pursers,

       10 coast pilots,

       45 captain's clerks,

       80 surgeon's mates,

       530 boatswains, gunners, carpenters, and sailmakers,

       268 boatswain's mates, gunner's mates, etc.,

       1,106 quarter gunners, etc.,

       5,000 able seamen,

       6,849 ordinary seamen and boys.

       Making a total of 14,960, with 2,715 marines.

       32

      Comparing this list with the figures given before, it can be seen that during the course of the war our navy grew enormously, increasing to between three and four times its original size.

      At the beginning of the year 1812, the navy of the United States on the ocean consisted of the following vessels, which either were, or could have been, made available during the war. 33


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Яндекс.Метрика
Rate (Guns) Name Where Built When Built Tonnage Cost
44 United States, Philadelphia, 1797 1576 $299,336
44 Constitution, Boston, 1797 1576 302,718
44 President, New York, 1800 1576 220,910
38 Constellation, Baltimore, 1797 1265 314,212
38 Congress, Portsmouth, 1799 1268 197,246
38 Chesapeake, Norfolk, 1799 1244 220,677
32 Essex, Salem, 1799 860 139,362
28 Adams, New York, 1799 560 76,622
18 Hornet, Baltimore, 1805 480 52,603
18 Wasp, Washington, 1806 450 40,000
16 Argus, Boston, 1803 298 37,428
16 Syren, Philadelphia, 1803 250 32,521
14 Nautilus, Baltimore, 1803 185 18,763
14 Vixen, Baltimore, 1803 185 20,872
12 Enterprise, Baltimore, 1799 165 16,240
12