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The Triads of Ireland. VariousЧитать онлайн книгу.

The Triads of Ireland - Various


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proverbs in my addition of the Battle of Ventry, p. 85, where a few will be found quoted. A complete collection of them would fill a small volume, especially if it were to include those still current among the people of Ireland, both among Gaelic and English speakers. I must content myself here with giving a few specimens taken at random from my own collections:—

      Three kinds of martyrdom that are counted as a cross to man, i.e. white martyrdom, green martyrdom, and red martyrdom.—The Cambray Homily (Thesaurus Palæohibernicus, II., p. 246).

      Three enemies of the soul: the world, the devil, and an impious teacher.—Colman maccu Beognae's Alphabet of Piety (Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, III., p. 452).

      Three things whereby the devil shows himself in man: by his face, by his gait, by his speech.—Ib., p. 453.

      Three profitable labours in the day: praying, working, reading.—Regula Choluimb Cille (Zeitschr., III., p. 29).

      Three laymen of Ireland who became monks: Beccan son of Cula, Mochu son of Lonan, and Enda of Arann.—Notes on the Félire of Oengus (Henry Bradshaw Society, vol. xxix., p. 112).

      Three chief artisans of Ireland: Tassach with Patrick, Conlaed with Brigit, and Daig with Ciaran.—Ib., p. 186.

      Three poets of the world: Homer of the Greeks, Vergil of the Latins, Ruman of the Gaels.—Book of Leinster, p. 354b.

      Teora saoba sanasa Leithe Cuind roc[h]aras-[s]a:

       Mochuda cona clamhra[i]d d'ionnarba a Rathain roghlain,

       cur Coluim Cille tar sal, timdibhe saeghail Ciaráin.

      Fuil trí ní (a trí Br.) doná (danach Br.) buidech mac Dé bí:

       crábud úallach, coisced (coiccsed Br.) serb, écnach duine mad inderb.

      Fuil tréide dianab buidech rí gréine:

       óenta bráthar, comrád (fodail Ed.) cert, altóir Dé do thimthirecht.

      Mairg na trí lucht a n-iffirn úathmar anside:

       óes dogní dán, óes choilles grád, óes amsaine.

      Fuil trí ní ná dlegair do bocht Dé bí:

       dimmda da bethaid cipé, cesacht ocus aibéle.

      The following modern triads I owe to a communication from Dr. P.W. Joyce, who heard them in his youth among the people of Limerick:—

      Three things to be distrusted: a cow's horn, a dog's tooth, and a horse's hoof.

      Three disagreeable things at home: a scolding wife, a squalling child, and a smoky chimney.

      In our collection an arrangement of the Triads in certain groups, according to their contents, is discernible. Thus, the first sixty-one—of which, however, the opening thirty-one are no Triads at all—are all topographical; and among the rest, those dealing with legal matters stand out clearly (§§ 149-172).

      When the collection was made we have no means of ascertaining, except from internal evidence, such as the age of the language, and a few allusions to events, the date of which we can approximately fix.

      The place-name Lusca, 'Lusk,' is originally an n-stem making its genitive Luscan. This is the regular form in the Annals of


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