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Climate Impacts on Sustainable Natural Resource Management. Группа авторовЧитать онлайн книгу.

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rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_61f0a1da-f3cc-54d0-9dce-0f0d43c30c00">Figure 2.2 Applications of geospatial techniques for forest resource assessment and mapping.

      2.2.2 Water Resource Management

      Water is an essential natural resource for human existence. Over the years freshwater availability for human utilization has been declining, whereas the growing population demand increases. Therefore, there is a pressing need to monitor this vital resource and better understand its sustainable use approach. Water, soil, and vegetation are vital natural resources and hence should be managed effectively and simultaneously. A watershed is the smallest planning unit that efficiently represents a continuum of these three resources. This knowledge can help develop effective water management strategies, and it can be of crucial importance for regions with limited water availability.

Schematic illustration of multiple spatial layers that can be developed with the assistance of geospatial technology to assess groundwater potential.

      2.2.3 Water Quality Monitoring

      Water quality monitoring is required to be managed on a regular basis for human consumption purposes. Water quality is currently analyzed in the laboratory or through in‐situ measurements. Although these measurements are accurate, they miss the spatial and temporal components needed for water body management. These are also expensive and time‐consuming procedures that cannot satisfy the monitoring needs on a large scale. Remote sensing technology can be employed for monitoring different water quality parameters (i.e. temperature, turbidity, and chlorophyll content). Thermal and optical sensors can retrieve spatial and temporal information required to monitor water quality and develop management practices. Remote sensing is also used to measure suspended sediments and chlorophyll concentrations spatiotemporally based on empirical relationships with radiance or reflectance (Ritchie and Cooper 1991; Ritchie et al. 1994).

Schematic illustration of development of thematic maps and their integration for the prioritization of activities in a watershed using GIS.

      2.2.4 Agriculture

Schematic illustration of applications of geospatial techniques for crop monitoring and management.

      Agriculture is the primary consumer of water, utilizing more than 70% of the global freshwater. Therefore, the role of irrigation water plays a significant in increasing the productivity of the land. Evapotranspiration (ET) from land surfaces is one of the key components of the water balance responsible for water loss. Evapotranspiration is of prime interest for various environmental applications, like optimization of irrigation water, irrigation system performance, water deficit for crops, etc. Also, poor irrigation timing and insufficient water application are common factors responsible for limiting agriculture production in many arid and semi‐arid agricultural areas. To address these issues, geospatial technology has emerged as a powerful tool to monitor irrigated lands over various climatic conditions


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