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The Invention of Green Colonialism. Guillaume BlancЧитать онлайн книгу.

The Invention of Green Colonialism - Guillaume Blanc


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      GUILLAUME BLANC

      Translated by Helen Morrison

      polity

      Originally published in French as L’invention du colonialisme vert. Pour en finir avec le mythe d’Éden africain. Préface de François-Xavier Fauvelle © Flammarion, Paris, 2020

      This English edition © Polity Press, 2022

      1892 maps of Ethiopia: ‘Carta dimostrativa dell’ Etiopia’. Credit: Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.

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      All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

      ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-5090-6

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

      The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate.

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      The Invention of Green Colonialism. By virtue of its title, as soon as it was published, this book was associated with postcolonial studies, even with ‘decolonial’ thinking. These fields of study have of course influenced my work, but what I wanted first and foremost was to write a book focusing on environmental history. With this discipline, ‘we can create a more usable past, one more relevant to the everyday lives of people today’, as Ted Steinberg puts it. And to do that, the American historian tells us, we need to re-establish ‘the way power operates through and across landscape’.1

      Let us begin with the institutional aspect. For many environmental historians, confining nature within a park represents a double act of appropriation and of disappropriation. This is the case everywhere and perhaps particularly in Africa. Under colonial rule, the colonists first set about creating hunting reserves as a way of demonstrating their capacity to dominate nature and space.3 Next it was the turn of European administrations to use the national parks as a means to better control, manage and suppress populations.4 Then, once the postcolonial period had begun, the international conservation institutions continued to impose coercive models for the protection of nature, models which involved displacing local people, restricting right of access to resources and criminalizing use of the land.5 The majority of those African states called upon to put these programmes in place took advantage of the situation to impose tighter controls over their citizens.6 And the latter therefore found themselves seeking out any available gaps which would enable them to get round the conservation rules, and even to use them to exercise political advantage over their neighbours and their communities.7 Put differently, for all the actors involved in the institutionalization of the environment, protecting nature always involves the exercise of power.


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