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Computing and the
National Science Foundation,
1950–2016
Building a Foundation for Modern Computing
Peter A. Freeman
Georgia Institute of Technology
W. Richards Adrion
University of Massachusetts Amherst
William Aspray
University of Colorado Boulder
ACM Books #31
Copyright © 2019 by Association for Computing Machinery
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other except for brief quotations in printed reviews—without the prior permission of the publisher.
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Computing and the National Science Foundation, 1950–2016: Building a Foundation for Modern Computing
Peter A. Freeman, W. Richards Adrion, William Aspray
books.acm.org
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7274-9eBook
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7275-6EPUB
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7276-3paperback
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7277-0hardcover
Series ISSN: 2374-6769 print2374-6777 electronic
DOIs:
| 10.1145/3336323 Book | 10.1145/3336323.3336332 Chapter 8 |
| 10.1145/3336323.3336324 Front Matter | 10.1145/3336323.3336333 Chapter 9 |
| 10.1145/3336323.3336326 Chapter 1 | 10.1145/3336323.3336334 Chapter 10 |
| 10.1145/3336323.3336326 Chapter 2 | 10.1145/3336323.3336335 Chapter 11 |
| 10.1145/3336323.3336327 Chapter 3 | 10.1145/3336323.3336336 Chapter 12 |
| 10.1145/3336323.3336328 Chapter 4 | 10.1145/3336323.3336337 Chapter 13 |
| 10.1145/3336323.3336329 Chapter 5 | 10.1145/3336323.3336338 Appendixes |
| 10.1145/3336323.3336330 Chapter 6 | 10.1145/3336323.3336339 Index/Bios |
| 10.1145/3336323.3336331 Chapter 7 |
A publication in the ACM Books series, #31
Editor in Chief: Sanjiva Prasad, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Founding Editor: M. Tamer Özsu, University of Waterloo Area Editor: Thomas Misa, University of Minnesota
This book was typeset in Arnhem Pro 10/14 and Flama using ZzTEX.
First Edition
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
We dedicate this book to the thousands of NSF employees, past and present, and the hundreds of thousands of investigators, graduate students, educators, and reviewers who built and sustained what is often called the “gold standard” of peer-reviewed fundamental scientific research.
Contents
Chapter 1 1950–1974: Science Information, Computing Facilities, Education, and Basic Research
W. Richards Adrion
1.1Science Information—1950s to 1980s
1.2Filling the Demand for Computing Infrastructure
1.4Finding a Home for Computer Science Research
Chapter 2 1974–1986: CER, CSNET, NSFNET, and the Founding of CISE
W. Richards