The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence AgencyЧитать онлайн книгу.
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_#_Budget: revenues $194 million; expenditures $390 million, including capital expenditures of $104 million (1990 est.)
_#_Exports: $250 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
commodities—crude oil, cotton, palm products, cocoa;
partners—FRG 36%, France 16%, Spain 14%, Italy 8%, UK 4%
_#_Imports: $442 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
commodities—foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, petroleum products, intermediate goods, capital goods, light consumer goods;
partners—France 34%, Netherlands 10%, Japan 7%, Italy 6%, US 4%
_#_External debt: $1.0 billion (December 1990 est.)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate - 0.7% (1988); accounts for 30% of GDP
_#_Electricity: 28,000 kW capacity; 24 million kWh produced, 5 kWh per capita (1989)
_#_Industries: textiles,cigarettes, construction materials, beverages, food production, petroleum
_#_Agriculture: small farms produce 90% of agricultural output; production is dominated by food crops—corn, sorghum, cassava, beans, and rice; cash crops include cotton, palm oil, and peanuts; poultry and livestock output has not kept up with consumption
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $46 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $1.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $19 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $101 million
_#_Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural—francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
_#_Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1—256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: calendar year
_*Communications #_Railroads: 578 km, all 1.000-meter gauge, single track
_#_Highways: 5,050 km total; 920 km paved, 2,600 laterite, 1,530 km improved earth
_#_Inland waterways: navigable along small sections, important only locally
_#_Ports: Cotonou
_#_Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 6 total, 4 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 2,439 m; 4 with runways 1,220–2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: fair system of open wire, submarine cable, and radio relay; 16,200 telephones; stations—2 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT satellite earth station
_*Defense Forces #_Branches: People's Armed Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force), National Gendarmerie, People's Militia, Presidential Guard
_#_Manpower availability: eligible 15–49, 2,089,646; of the 991,278 males 15–49, 507,482 are fit for military service; of the 1,098,368 females 15–49, 554,454 are fit for military service; about 57,106 males and 55,297 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes are liable for military service
_#Defense expenditures: $38 million, 2.3% of GDP (1988) % @Bermuda (dependent territory of the UK) *Geography #_Total area: 50 km2; land area: 50 km2
_#_Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
_#_Land boundaries: none
_#_Coastline: 103 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 12 nm
_#_Climate: subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
_#_Terrain: low hills separated by fertile depressions
_#_Natural resources: limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 20%; other 80%
_#_Environment: ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; consists of about 360 small coral islands
_#_Note: 1,050 km east of North Carolina; some reclaimed land leased by US Government
_*People #_Population: 58,433 (July 1991), growth rate 1.5% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 15 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 7 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 12 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 78 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun—Bermudian(s); adjective—Bermudian
_#_Ethnic divisions: black 61%, white and other 39%
_#_Religion: Anglican 37%, Roman Catholic 14%, African Methodist Episcopal (Zion) 10%, Methodist 6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, other 28%
_#_Language: English
_#_Literacy: 98% (male 98%, female 99%) age 15 and over can read and write (1970)
_#_Labor force: 32,000; clerical 25%, services 22%, laborers 21%, professional and technical 13%, administrative and managerial 10%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1984)
_#_Organized labor: 8,573 members (1985); largest union is Bermuda Industrial Union
_*Government #_Long-form name: none
_#_Type: dependent territory of the UK
_#_Capital: Hamilton
_#_Administrative divisions: 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick
_#_Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)
_#_Constitution: 8 June 1968
_#_Legal system: English law
_#_National holiday: Bermuda Day, 22 May
_#_Executive branch: British monarch, governor, deputy governor, premier, deputy premier, Executive Council (cabinet)
_#_Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Senate and a lower house or House of Assembly
_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State—Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir Desmond LANGLEY (since NA October 1988);
Head of Government—Premier John William David SWAN (since NA
January 1982)
_#_Political parties and leaders:
United Bermuda Party (UBP), John W. D. SWAN;
Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Frederick WADE;
National Liberal Party (NLP), Gilbert DARRELL
_#_Suffrage: universal at age 21
_#_Elections:
House of Assembly—last held 9 February 1989 (next to be held by February 1994); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(40 total) UBP 23, PLP 15, NLP 1, other 1
_#_Communists: negligible
_#_Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU), headed by Ottiwell SIMMONS
_#_Member of: CARICOM (observer), ICFTU, IOC
_#_Diplomatic representation: as a dependent territory of the UK, Bermuda's interests in the US are represented by the UK;
US—Consul