The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence AgencyЧитать онлайн книгу.
(Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is)
_#_Member of: C, CCC, CE, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Michael E. SHERIFIS; Chancery at 2211 R Street NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 462–5772; there is a Cypriot Consulate General in New York;
US—Ambassador Robert E. LAMB; Embassy at the corner of Therissos Street and Dositheos Street, Nicosia (mailing address is FPO New York 09530); telephone [357] (2) 4651511
_#_Flag: white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities
_*Economy #_Overview: These data are for the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus (information on the northern Turkish-Cypriot area is sparse). The economy is small, diversified, and prosperous. Industry contributes about 25% to GDP and employs 35% of the labor force, while the service sector contributes about 55% to GDP and employs 40% of the labor force. Rapid growth in exports of agricultural and manufactured products and in tourism have played important roles in the average 6% rise in GDP in recent years.
_#_GDP: $5.4 billion, per capita $7,960; real growth rate 5.5% (1990)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.5% (1990)
_#_Unemployment rate: below 2% (1990)
_#_Budget: revenues $1.2 billion; expenditures $1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $178 million (1989 est.)
_#_Exports: $770 million (f.o.b., 1990);
commodities—citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and shoes;
partners—UK 23%, Greece 10%, Lebanon 9%, Saudi Arabia 4%
_#_Imports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1990);
commodities—consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, food and feed grains, machinery;
partners—France 12%, UK 11%, Japan 11%, Italy 10%
_#_External debt: $2.2 billion (1990)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 6.5% (1988); accounts for 27% of GDP
_#_Electricity: 620,000 kW capacity; 1,770 million kWh produced, 2,530 kWh per capita (1989)
_#_Industries: food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism, wood products
_#_Agriculture: accounts for 7% of GDP and employs 22% of labor force; major crops—potatoes, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, and citrus fruits; vegetables and fruit provide 25% of export revenues
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $292 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $230 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $62 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $24 million
_#_Currency: Cypriot pound (plural—pounds) and in Turkish area,
Turkish lira (plural—liras); 1 Cypriot pound (5C) = 100 cents and
1 Turkish lira
(TL) = 100 kurus
_#_Exchange rates: Cypriot pounds (5C) per US$1—0.4325 (December 1990), 0.4572 (1990), 0.4933 (1989), 0.4663 (1988), 0.4807 (1987), 0.5167 (1986), 0.6095 (1985); in Turkish area, Turkish liras (TL) per US$1—2,873.9 (December 1990), 2,608.6 (1990), 2,121.7 (1989), 1,422.3 (1988), 857.2 (1987), 674.5 (1986), 522.0 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: calendar year
_*Communications #_Highways: 10,780 km total; 5,170 km bituminous surface treated; 5,610 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth
_#_Ports: Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos
_#_Merchant marine: 1,169 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,310,063 GRT/34,338,028 DWT; 10 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 435 cargo, 76 refrigerated cargo, 20 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 48 container, 4 multifunction large load carrier, 111 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 specialized tanker, 8 liquefied gas, 17 chemical tanker, 30 combination ore/oil, 360 bulk, 2 vehicle carrier, 44 combination bulk; note—a flag of convenience registry; Cuba owns at least 25 of these ships, USSR owns 52, and Yugoslavia owns 1
_#_Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 13 total, 13 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 7 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220–2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: excellent in the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), moderately good in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 telephones; stations—14 AM, 7 (7 repeaters) FM, 2 (40 repeaters) TV; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 3 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations—INTELSAT, 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, and EUTELSAT systems
_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Greek area—Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; includes air and naval elements), Greek Cypriot Police; Turkish area—Turkish Cypriot Security Force
_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 182,426; 125,839 fit for military service; 5,169 reach military age (18) annually
_#Defense expenditures: $209 million, 5% of GDP (1990 est.) % @Czechoslovakia *Geography #_Total area: 127,870 km2; land area: 125,460 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than New York State
_#_Land boundaries: 3,446 km total; Austria 548 km, Germany 815 km, Hungary 676 km, Poland 1,309 km, USSR 98 km
_#_Coastline: none—landlocked
_#_Maritime claims: none—landlocked
_#_Disputes: Nagymaros Dam dispute with Hungary
_#_Climate: temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
_#_Terrain: mixture of hills and mountains separated by plains and basins
_#_Natural resources: coal, timber, lignite, uranium, magnesite, iron ore, copper, zinc
_#_Land use: arable land 40%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 13%; forest and woodland 37%; other 9%; includes irrigated 1%
_#_Environment: infrequent earthquakes; acid rain; water pollution; air pollution
_#_Note: landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe
_*People #_Population: 15,724,940 (July 1991), growth rate 0.3% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 14 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 11 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 11 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 69 years male, 77 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun—Czechoslovak(s); adjective—Czechoslovak
_#_Ethnic divisions: Czech 62.9%, Slovak 31.8%, Hungarian 3.8%, Polish 0.5%, German 0.3%, Ukrainian 0.3%, Russian 0.1%, other 0.3%
_#_Religion: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Orthodox 2%, other 28%
_#_Language: Czech and Slovak (official), Hungarian
_#_Literacy: 99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1970 est.)
_#_Labor