The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence AgencyЧитать онлайн книгу.
(observer), ECA, FAO,
FLS, G-77, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,
LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO
_#_Diplomatic representation: none
_#_Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)
_*Economy #_Overview: Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 80 to 90% of the population, but accounts for less than 15% of GDP. Oil production is the most lucrative sector of the economy, contributing about 50% to GDP. In recent years, however, the impact of fighting an internal war has severely affected the nonoil economy, and food has to be imported. For the long run, Angola has the advantage of rich natural resources, notably gold, diamonds, and arable land. To realize its economic potential Angola not only must secure domestic peace but also must reform government policies that have led to distortions and imbalances throughout the economy.
_#_GDP: $7.9 billion, per capita $925; real growth rate 2.0% (1990 est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 23.2% (1988)
_#_Unemployment rate: NA%
_#_Budget: revenues $2.6 billion; expenditures $4.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (1990 est.)
_#_Exports: $3.8 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
commodities—oil,liquified petroleum gas, diamonds, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton;
partners—US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil, France
_#_Imports: $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.);
commodities—capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), food, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; substantial military deliveries;
partners—US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil
_#_External debt: $7.0 billion (1990)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for about 60% of GDP, including petroleum output
_#_Electricity: 506,000 kW capacity; 770 million kWh produced, 90 kWh per capita (1989)
_#_Industries: petroleum, diamonds, mining, fish processing, food processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cement, basic metal products
_#_Agriculture: cash crops—coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, tobacco; food crops—cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas; livestock production accounts for 20%, fishing 4%, forestry 2% of total agricultural output; disruptions caused by civil war and marketing deficiencies require food imports
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $265 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $1,005 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $1.3 billion
_#_Currency: kwanza (plural—kwanza); 1 kwanza (Kz) = 100 lwei
_#_Exchange rates: kwanza (Kz) per US$1—29.62 (fixed rate since 1976)
_#_Fiscal year: calendar year
_*Communications #_Railroads: 3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067-meter gauge, 310 km 0.600-meter gauge; limited trackage in use because of insurgent attacks; sections of the Benguela Railroad closed because of insurgency
_#_Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 29,350 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth
_#_Inland waterways: 1,295 km navigable
_#_Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km
_#_Ports: Luanda, Lobito, Namibe, Cabinda
_#_Merchant marine: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 66,348 GRT/102,825 DWT; includes 11 cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker
_#_Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 315 total, 183 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 13 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 58 with runways 1,220–2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: fair system of wire, radio relay, and troposcatter routes; high frequency used extensively for military/Cuban links; 40,300 telephones; stations—17 AM, 13 FM, 2 TV; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations
_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force/Air Defense, People's Defense Organization and Territorial Troops, Frontier Guard
_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 2,080,837; 1,047,500 fit for military service; 92,430 reach military age (18) annually
_#Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP % @Anguilla (dependent territory of the UK) *Geography #_Total area: 91 km2; land area: 91 km2
_#_Comparative area: about half the size of Washington, DC
_#_Land boundaries: none
_#_Coastline: 61 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 3 nm
_#_Climate: tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
_#_Terrain: flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
_#_Natural resources: negligible; salt, fish, lobster
_#_Land use: arable land NA%; permanent crops NA%; meadows and pastures NA%; forest and woodland NA%; other NA%; mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds
_#_Environment: frequent hurricanes, other tropical storms (July to October)
_#_Note: located 270 km east of Puerto Rico
_*People #_Population: 6,922 (July 1991), growth rate 0.6% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 24 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: - 10 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 18 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 71 years male, 77 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 3.1 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun—Anguillan(s); adjective—Anguillan
_#_Ethnic divisions: mainly of black African descent
_#_Religion: Anglican 40%, Methodist 33%, Seventh-Day Adventist 7%, Baptist 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, other 12%
_#_Language: English (official)
_#_Literacy: 95% (male 95%, female 95%) age 12 and over can read and write (1984)
_#_Labor force: 2,780 (1984)
_#_Organized labor: NA
_*Government #_Long-form name: none
_#_Type: dependent territory of the UK
_#_Capital: The Valley
_#_Administrative divisions: none (dependent territory of the UK)
_#_Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)
_#_Constitution: 1 April 1982
_#_Legal system: based on English common law
_#_National holiday: Anguilla Day, 30 May
_#_Executive branch: British monarch, governor, chief minister, Executive Council (cabinet)
_#_Legislative branch: unicameral House of Assembly
_#_Judicial branch: High Court
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State—Queen