The History of almost Everything. Practical guide of the eaters of Time. Lim WordЧитать онлайн книгу.
more famous act is the mausoleum of the Taj Mahal, dedicated to the memory of the beloved wife of Mumtaz Mahal.
Jahan’s son leads even more long and unsuccessful wars. Finally, the adherents of Hinduism rebel, they are defeated, but they pass to guerrilla actions and widespread latent sabotage. The descendants of Babur degenerate; commanders, courtiers are straightened out with their nominal rulers, as soon as they feel the slightest attempt to free themselves from their «guardianship.» Persians break into India, Afghans, devastate whole areas, take the inhabitants into slavery.
In September 1852, the British stormed Delhi and announced the liquidation of the Mughal Empire.
Russian dynasty
Since the fifth century of our era, most of Russia, except Pomerania, is designated on ancient maps as part of the empire of the Atilla Hun. What happened here before and until the ninth century, when there are corresponding references in the annals, until the emergence of new special methods of penetration into the past, is still unknown.
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1. The Empire of the Huns (434—453 AD). It is formed on the site of the Sarmatian settlement (Sarmatiya-Crimea, the territory to the north, and somewhat south), the Scythians (Scythia, east-south from the peninsula), in part – East Germany and the Balkans. The highest flowering reaches during the rule of Atilla.
The Huns themselves are nomads of the north of China, who fought with the Celestial Empire and the Mongols in the first century AD, who did not achieve much success there, seeking adventures and prey to the West. In the fifth century, they conquered Germany, France, northern Italy, imposed a tribute to the Roman Empire. After the battle with the powerful combined Roman and German troops in the Catalaun fields (an uncertain outcome), Atilla somewhat slows down, a year later dies. His sons quarrel with each other, and nothing clever for the salvation of their state, can no longer do.
The territory of the empire is declining, by 530 this state education, as a whole, ceases to exist.
In Germanic heroic tales, such as «The Song of the Nibelungs,» the ruler of the Huns looks very worthy, an enlightened ruler whose state structure does not particularly differ from the European one. More about the old order in the territories after all, the future of Ukraine (Kievan Rus) and partly of Russia, we do not know anything.
…The Avarian Kaganat, composed of the following, mighty Asian wave of migration, sprawls from the line (approximately) from the Crimea to the north, to the borders of modern France, capturing part of the Balkans. For some time now, the domination of the so-called. Avars (obrov) finally bored the monarch of the Holy Roman Empire, Charles the Great. The active king organizes an extensive coalition of nations, including scattered Slavic tribes and many Black Sea Bulgarians who suffered from their neighbors.
In 805 the Khaganate suffers a catastrophic defeat. Abras, red-haired, strong, ferocious and proud, as the chronicles testify, disappear everywhere, throughout the entire former residence.
…One more, the Khazar Khaganate has a center in modern Dagestan, it occupies part of the former Hun Empire, controls some territories of the future Russia, part of the Crimea, the Volga region and Kazakhstan. In 660, he disperses the troops of the neighboring (and partly with the kaganate of the crossing) Great Bulgaria. The tribes are settling: some form the well-known Black Sea Bulgaria, others go to the Volga and the Kama, forming the Volga Bulgaria, becoming the ancestors of the Kazan Tatars and Chuvashes. Tatars convert to Islam, fighting against the Kaganate hoping for the help of their co-religionists from Persia. Some groups remain in place, and the Khazars are paid tribute (usually one silver coin from the plow).
In 964, the Russian prince Svyatoslav defeats the Khazar army, places the White Tower in a strategically important place on the Don River (now at the bottom of the Tsimlyansk reservoir), captures Sarkel (Tmutarakan, the present Taman Peninsula). Finally, a new wave of nomads from the East, the ubiquitous and tireless Polovtsians, is pressing the Khazars.
Much later, in the 13th century the Polovtsi will become part of the Golden Horde, they assimilate, they will give their (Kipchak) language to the Mongol conquerors. The Khazars are scattered throughout the earth, possibly making up some of the European Jewish communities.
Since 576, the Turkic Kaganate, a reflection of the Khazar Khaganate, but decently shifted to the East, towards China, is tearing away part of the Crimea and the North Caucasus from Byzantium.
…Information about all these state entities is very sketchy. Often the Kaganate are combined, both territorially and on a chronological scale. It is clear only that they occupied a significant part of the future Russia, as they interacted with the Slavic tribes – they fought or joined alliances. The state religion of the Avar and Khazar Kaganates is Judaism, more or less fancifully mixed with pagan customs, Turkic – shamanism and Buddhism.
2. Old Russian state in 10—12 centuries. We pay attention: the city of Vladimir in Volhynia is the essence of Vladimir-Volynsky.
…Ninth century. Varyag (Viking, Norman), or, perhaps, the Prussian Rurik reigns at the invitation of the People’s Veche in Veliky Novgorod, the north-west of modern Russia, with his two brothers – Truvor and Sineus. A ruler with a good pedigree, an effective manager outside of local strife – a worldwide practice to this day.
The word «Rus» is raised by some researchers to the ancient Icelandic Róþskarlar – «sailors, oarsmen», others define themselves as the self-name of the ancient Baltic (Slavic) people of the Prussians. There is also a version, deriving «Rus» as the ancient Iranian ruksi – «white, light.»
The name of the individual representative of this people initially sounds like «rusin».
.. Prince Oleg regent son of Rurik, Igor, on behalf of the latter, moves to the south, seizes the center of trade routes, very prosperous Kiev. Then he goes with the embassy to Byzantium, on other sources to war with it, for the first time is called the Grand Duke in synchronized Byzantine and European sources. Oleg prophetic, according to folk epics, from the snake bite.
Prince Igor was first recorded by Byzantine chronicles as a Russian commander, attacking Constantinople, and significant, – one thousand forty rooks, by forces. The Byzantine squadron uses Greek fire, which destroys most of the Russian fleet. Draw. Peace treaty with the Emperor of Byzantium, Roman the First Lakapin, the establishment of trade, political and religious ties.
Where was the fleet base? Perhaps in the Russian enclave, Tmutarakan – on the present Taman Peninsula, or, in the area of modern Kerch (other Russian «Korchev»). East Crimea at this time is managed precisely from Taman, although part of the peninsula (Chersonese, or, in other words, Korsun, within the boundaries of the present Sevastopol) is controlled by Byzantium.
The prince dies from his greed, trying to re-collect the tribute: however, all the circumstances of his death are greatly entangled.
Igor’s favorite wife, Olga, the first name of Beautiful, is baptized personally by the Byzantine emperor, Constantine the Seventh, builds the country’s government, redeems his sins, and educates the son of Svyatoslav, the one who later says: «I’m going to you».
Svyatoslav, in turn, is at war with Bulgaria, then turns his arms toward the Byzantine possessions in Thrace. In 970, the troops of Emperor John the First Tzimisce compel the prince to retreat. Returning, he, with his army, falls into an ambush of the Pechenegs (known to the middle of the 11th century nomadic tribe) and perishes.
The next prince deserving special attention is Vladimir the First Svyatoslavovich, he is also Vladimir the Sacred (the epic «Red Sun»), the fruit of Svyatoslav’s connection with some alms-giving distributor, Malusha. Bastard is brought up under the supervision of Princess Olga.
In 988, another