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Functions of Priests in the Sasanian Period’, in G. Gnoli and A. Panaino (eds), Proceedings of the First European Conference of Iranian Studies, 2 vols (Rome, 1991), 1, рр. 261–273; T. Daryaee, ‘Memory and History: The Construction of the Past in Late Antiquity’, Name-ye Iran-e Bastan 1.2 (2001–2002), рр. 1–14.
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Back, ‘Sassanidischen Staatsinschriften’, р. 384. Полную надпись см. в M. – L. Chaumont, ‘L’Inscription de Kartir à la Kaʿbah de Zoroastre: text, traduction et commentaire’, Journal Asiatique 248 (1960), рр. 339–380.
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M.-L. Chaumont, La Christianisation de l’empire iranien, des origines aux grandes persécutions du IV siècle (Louvain, 1988), р. 111; G. Fowden, Empire to Commonwealth: Consequences of Monotheism in Late Antiquity (Princeton, 1993), рр. 28–29.
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R. Merkelbach, Mani und sein Religionssystem (Opladen, 1986); J. Russell, ‘Kartir and Mani: A Shamanistic Model of their Conflict’, Iranica Varia: Papers in Honor of Professor Ehsan Yarshater (Leiden, 1990), рр. 180–193; S. Lieu, History of Manicheanism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China: A Historical Survey (Manchester, 1985). О Шапуре и Мани см. M. Hutter, ‘Manichaeism in the early Sasanian Empire’, Numen 40 (1993), рр. 2–15.
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Р. Gigoux (ed. and tr.), Les Quatre Inscriptions du mage Kirdir, textes et concordances (Paris, 1991). А также C. Jullien and F. Jullien, ‘Aux frontières de l’iranité: “nasraye” et “kristyone” des inscriptions du mobad Kirdir: enquête littéraire et historique’, Numen 49.3 (2002), рр. 282–335; F. de Blois, ‘Naṣrānī Ναζωραȋος) and ḥanīf (ἐθνικός): Studies on the Religious Vocabulary of Christianity and of Islam’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 65 (2002), рр. 7–8.
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S. Lieu, ‘Captives, Refugees and Exiles: A Study of Cross-Frontier Civilian Movements and Contacts between Rome and Persia from Valerian to Jovian’, in Р. Freeman and D. Kennedy (eds), The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East (Oxford, 1986), рр. 475–505.
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A. Kitchen, C. Ehret, S. Assefa and C. Mulligan, ‘Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis of Semitic Languages Identifies an Early Bronze Age Origin of Semitic in the Near East’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 276.1668 (2009), рр. 2702–2710. Некоторые исследователи говорят о североафриканском происхождении семитских языков, например, D. McCall, ‘The Afroasiatic Language Phylum: African in Origin, or Asian?’, Current Anthropology 39.1 (1998), рр. 139–144.
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R. Stark, The Rise of Christianity: A Sociologist Reconsiders History (Princeton, 1996), и R. Stark, Cities of God: The Real Story of How Christianity Became an Urban Movement and Conquered Rome (San Francisco, 2006). Взгляды и методология Старка оказались противоречивыми, см. Journal of Early Christian Studies 6.2 (1998).
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Pliny the Younger, Letter 96, ed. and tr. B. Radice, Letters and Panegyricus, 2 vols (Cambridge, MA, 1969), 2, рр. 284–286.
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Там же, Letter 97, 2, рр. 290–292.
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J. Helgeland, R. Daly and Р. Patout Burns (eds), Christians and the Military: The Early Experience (Philadelphia, 1985).
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M. Roberts, Poetry and the Cult of the Martyrs (Ann Arbor, 1993); G. de Ste Croix, Christian Persecution, Martyrdom and Orthodoxy (Oxford, 2006).
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Tertullian, Apologia ad Nationes, 42, in Tertullian: Apology: De Spectaculis, ed. and tr. T. Glover (London, 1931), р. 190; G. Stoumsa, Barbarian Philosophy: The Religious Revolution of Early Christianity (Tübingen, 1999), рр. 69–70.
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Tertullian, Apologia, 8, р. 44.
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W. Baum and D. Winkler, Die Apostolische Kirche des Ostens (Klagenfurt, 2000), рр. 13–17.
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S. Rose, Roman Edessa: Politics and Culture on the Eastern Fringes of the Roman Empire, 114–242 CE (London, 2001).
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T. Mgaloblishvili and I. Gagoshidze, ‘The Jewish Diaspora and Early Christianity in Georgia’, in T. Mgaloblishvili (ed.), Ancient Christianity in the Caucasus (London, 1998), рр. 39–48.
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J. Bowman, ‘The Sassanian Church in the Kharg Island’, Acta Iranica 1 (1974), 217–220.
183
The Book of the Laws of the Countries: Dialogue on the Fate of Bardaisan of Edessa, tr. H. Drijvers (Assen, 1965), р. 61.
184
J. Asmussen, ‘Christians in Iran’, in The Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods (Cambridge, 1983), 3.2, рр. 929–930.
185
S. Brock, ‘A Martyr at the Sasanid Court under Vahran II: Candida’, Analecta Bollandiana 96.2 (1978), рр. 167–181.
186
Eusebius, Evaggelike Proparaskeus, ed. K. Mras, Eusebius Werke: Die Praeparatio Evangelica (Berlin, 1954), 1.4, р. 16; A. Johnson, ‘Eusebius’ Praeparatio Evangelica as Literary Experiment’, in S. Johnson (ed.), Greek Literature in Late Antiquity: Dynamism, Didacticism, Classicism (Aldershot, 2006), р. 85.
187
Р. Brown, The Body and Society: Men, Women and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity (London, 1988); C. Wickham, The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 (London, 2009), рр. 55–56.
188
B. Dignas and E. Winter, Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity (Cambridge, 2007), рр. 210–232.
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См. A. Sterk, ‘Mission from Below: Captive Women and Conversion on the East Roman Frontiers’, Church History 79.1 (2010), рр. 1–39.
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О конверсии см. R. Thomson (ed. and tr.), The Lives of St Gregory: The Armenian, Greek, Arabic and Syriac Versions of the History Attributed to Agathaneglos (Ann Arbor, 2010). W. Seibt, Die Christianisierung des Kaukasus: The Christianisation of Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Albania) (Vienna, 2002), и M.-L. Chaumont, Recherches