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12Table 12.1 Features of different polymerases.
9 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Vectors, heterologous DNA uptake capacity, and host organisms.Table 15.2 Properties of enzymes for turning sticky into blunt DNA ends.Table 15.3 Commonly used cytostatic or cytotoxic selection markers.Table 15.4 Commonly used antigenic fusion components (tags).Table 15.5 Viral expression systems for mammal cells.
10 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic host organisms for the ex...Table 16.2 Comparison of the characteristics of the two most common modificat...Table 16.3 Overview of problems for protein expression inE. coli.Table 16.4 Typical properties of some yeast expression systems.Table 16.5 Typical properties of some important mammalian cell lines.
11 Chapter 23Table 23.1 Selected databases and Internet resources.Table 23.2 Important biochemical and biophysical methods to examine protein–D...Table 23.3 Selected DNA‐ and RNA‐binding domains in the human genome and in t...
12 Chapter 25Table 25.1 Diagram of the position of common sequence motifs in members of th...Table 25.2 Target validation.Table 25.3 Screening methods that can be accomplished in high throughput.Table 25.4 Overview of preclinical and clinical drug development.
13 Chapter 26Table 26.1 Example antibodies in therapeutic use.
14 Chapter 28Table 28.1 Clinically approved monoclonal antibody products.
15 Chapter 31Table 31.1 Biocatalytic processes.Table 31.2 The 15 top‐selling recombinant proteins (million US$) in Aggarwal ...Table 31.3 Selected bioconversions.Table 31.4 Annual production volumes of different bioconversions.
16 Chapter 32Table 32.1 Selected examples of in Germany/EU in 2019 newly registered biopha...Table 32.2 Selected therapeutic antibodies by highest rank of sales (US$ mill...Table 32.3 Selected examples of therapeutic RNAs on the market or under devel...Table 32.4 Selected biotech companies with gene therapy programs.Table 32.5 Selected biotech companies with T‐cell therapy programs.
17 Chapter 34Table 34.1 The volumes comprising the rules governing medicinal products with...Table 34.2 Product categories regulated by the FDA.Table 34.3 Major biotechnology/biological‐based drug types regulated by CDER ...Table 34.4 ICH guidelines that specifically focus upon products of pharmaceut...
18 Chapter 35Table 35.1 Differences between biotech and big pharma companies.
19 Chapter 36Table 36.1 Business attitude and experience.Table 36.2 Fields of competence and necessary qualifications in a startup com...
20 Chapter 37Table 37.1 Potential revenue for the sale of developed compounds.
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Tree of life – phylogeny of life domains.Figure 1.2 Schematic structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (a) Bact...Figure 1.3 Schematic structure of bacteriophages and viruses. (a) Bacterioph...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Composition and structure of sugar molecules. (a) Structures of t...Figure 2.2 Structure of the cytoplasmic membrane. Schematic diagram of the l...Figure 2.3 Structures of important phospholipids. Phosphatidylcholine, phosp...Figure 2.4 Chemical structure of cerebrosides (glycolipids). (a) Galactocere...Figure 2.5 Cholesterol and related sterols. Cholesterol; β‐sitosterol r...Figure 2.6 General structure of amino acids and peptides.Figure 2.7 Structures of proteinogenic amino acids. (Cysteine muss zu den am...Figure 2.8 Important hydrogen bonds in biomolecules.Figure 2.9 Noncovalent bonds and disulfide bridges lead to a spatial folding...Figure 2.10 Folding of peptide chains under aqueous conditions leads to a co...Figure 2.11 Importance of hydrogen bonds for the construction of α‐heli...Figure 2.12 Size of proteins in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The yeast ...Figure 2.13 Structure of Src protein with four domains. The four domains are...Figure 2.14 Occurrence of domains in different proteins.Figure 2.15 Structure of binding sites within proteins. (a) Schematic illust...Figure 2.16 Reversible activation and inactivation of enzymes and regulatory...Figure 2.17 Structure of nucleotides. (a) Structures of purine and pyrimidin...Figure 2.18 Linear structure of DNA and RNA. In nucleic acid biosynthesis, t...Figure 2.19 Structure of the DNA double helix. The spatial orientation of th...Figure 2.20 Structure of RNA molecules. (A) Yeast tRNA. The base sequence is...Figure 2.21 Structure and function of a hammerhead ribozyme.
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Mobility of phospholipids in a biomembrane. Three types of moveme...Figure 3.2 Vesicle and liposome formation. (a) In an aqueous environment, li...Figure 3.3 Asymmetric structure of biomembranes.Figure 3.4 Permeability of artificial lipid membranes for biologically relev...Figure 3.5 Important membrane proteins and transport processes. (a) Schemati...Figure 3.6 Glucose transporters in an intestinal cell. Glucose is pumped fro...Figure 3.7 Schematic view of communication pathways between cells. (a) Endoc...Figure 3.8 Schematic representation of receptor classes on the cell surface....Figure 3.9 Activation of adenylyl cyclase and formation from cAMP as second ...Figure 3.10 Role of phospholipase C‐β in the production of second messe...Figure 3.11 Signal transduction after activation of G‐protein and enzyme‐lin...Figure 3.12 Schematic representation of the endomembrane system of the cell:...Figure 3.13 Similarities of lysosomes and plant vacuoles. (a) Schematic stru...Figure 3.14 Composition of a mitochondrion. (a) Electron microscope photogra...Figure 3.15 Function of mitochondrion: metabolism and respiratory chain. (a)...Figure