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paravalvular leak closure Transcatheter VSD closure References SECTION III: Valvular Heart Disease Interventions CHAPTER 55: Aortic Valvuloplasty and Large‐Bore Percutaneous Arterial Access Basic principles and mechanisms of action Indications and evidence for use Patient selection and contraindications to BAV Approach to the procedure Pre‐access considerations Large‐bore arterial access Access planning Sheath selection Pre‐closure Pre‐closure Technique Steps Contralateral safety wire Performing balloon aortic valvuloplasty Anticoagulation during BAV Crossing the aortic valve Wires BAV balloons Pacing Procedural conclusion Arteriotomy closure and troubleshooting Complications of BAV and their management Conclusions, recommendations, and future directions References CHAPTER 56: Balloon‐expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement The Edwards Sapien valve system The MyVal Valve System References CHAPTER 57: Self‐Expanding Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Cerebral Embolic Protection Introduction Evolut R/PRO/PRO+ Major trials Latest valve Procedural planning ACURATE neo(2) valve system Portico valve JenaValve/J Valve Cerebral embolic protection Conclusions Disclosures References CHAPTER 58: Leaflet Modification Technologies Introduction Leaflet modification for aortic valve interventions Leaflet modification for transcatheter mitral valve replacement Conclusions Disclosures References CHAPTER 59: Peri‐procedural Complications of TranscatheterAortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) Introduction Paravalvular leak Annular rupture Aortic and ventricular injuries Transcatheter valve embolization Coronary obstruction Stroke Pacemaker implantation Conclusions References CHAPTER 60: Intensive Care after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Overview of the TAVR patient population Objectives of intensive care after TAVR Transition to intensive care: hand‐over Structure of post‐TAVR care Acute hemodynamic changes and disorders of blood pressure Acute anemia and bleeding Vascular complications Stroke Conduction abnormalities Atrial fibrillation Acute kidney injury Hematologic abnormalities Mobilization and progression of care Future directions for post‐TAVR intensive care References CHAPTER 61: New Aortic Valve Technologies SAPIEN 3 UltraTM Evolut PROTM ACURATE neo THV Portico Allegra THV