Испанский язык. Устные темы (A1-A2) 2-е изд., пер. и доп. Учебное пособие для академического бакалавриата. Анна Игоревна КомароваЧитать онлайн книгу.
so it can be concluded that the use of dams in the design of small hydropower plants is quite appropriate technology.
That is, no matter how small the height of the dam and its difference between the outlet of the flow and the water level, the effect, although insignificant, will be provided. It is also interesting here to determine the dependence of the initial velocity itself and the resulting vector (12).
This dependence was deduced because even the initial velocity itself is not quite simple and due to the fact that the lower cavity of the ravine for the "reservoir" should be made in the form of a slope. Along with a decrease in coefficient depending on the length of this path according to (9), the initial velocity will increase, since to the initial velocity before entering the "reservoir", at which the flow had potential energy, the kinetic energy into which this potential is converted, that is, the same principle applies (1-5), but at in this case, the angular coefficient acts.
And if, since again this potential downward vector is also at an angle of 90 degrees to the main initial vector, their summed vector will be determined by (13), creating a dependence for the initial velocity on the initial one in the next location.
From where it is true (14).
And it is important to take into account that (13) together with (14) acts only with a flat slope of the ravine itself, not counting the coefficient of friction, in the case of its calculation, an additional coefficient is included in (14), exactly as in other cases, for implementation, but this coefficient is determined empirically.
In the case of (13) and (14), the previously described (12) changes as (15).
Thus (15) can be considered a full-fledged formula for the action of a straight slope at the bottom of a ravine. If there are several vectors, it is advisable to use (16), for the simple reason that several vectors will not come from the same direction, because then they can be combined into one. And the vectors may be different due to the presence of additional turns, large irregularities and similar insignificant reasons.
The final touch is only the introduction of the coefficients mentioned earlier, namely, the coefficients of a kind of viscosity (18), depending on the coefficient of resistance of movement in the flow (17).
This type (17) of formula (8) was proved and described by the Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli in 1643, and later it was shown that this formula, as already mentioned, is a consequence of Bernoulli's law.
In conclusion, it can be noted that the development of hydropower has a very progressive character, which pleases. And this development requires more and more new technologies, among which one of the best may be the technology of using a «small reservoir» or an artificial moat with an inclined bottom to increase the efficiency of the entire hydropower plant.
Used literature
1. Evangelista Torricelli. De motu aquarium // Opera Geometrica. – 1644. C. 191. «Aquas violenter erumpentes in ipso eruptionis puncto eundem impetum habere, quem haberet grave aliquod, sive opsius aquae gutta una, si ex suprema eiusdem aquae superficie usque ad orificium eruptions naturaliter cecidisset».
2. Zinoviev V. A. Brief technical reference. Volume 1. – M., Gosizdat, 1949. – p. 362.
3. Savelyev I. V. Course of general physics. Volume 1. Mechanics, molecular physics. – M., Nauka, 1987. – p. 251.
SAVING ELECTRICITY GENERATION AT HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
Dodobaev Yusubjon Tadjibayevich
Doctor of Economics, Professor
Yuldashev Muminjon Shakirjonovich
Honorary Professor of Ferghana University, Doctor of Economics
Ferghana Polytechnic Institute, Ferghana, Uzbekistan
Аннотация. Мақолада гидроэлектростанцияларнинг самарадорлигини ортириш бўйича фикрлар юритилинган. Сув ресурсларидан комплекс фойдаланиш хақидаги мулоҳазалар кирилиган бўлиб, шу билан биргаликда гидротармоқларда транспорт муаммосини ҳал қилишга катта ҳисса қўшилинган.
Калит сўзлар: ГЭС, самарадорлик, сув ресурслари, электр энергияси, ирригация, дарё транспорти, рекреация.
Аннотация. В статье рассматривается эффективность гидроэлектростанций. Была введена обратная связь по комплексному использованию водных ресурсов, и в то же время был внесен значительный вклад в решение транспортной проблемы в гидравлических контурах.
Ключевые слова: ГЭС, эффективность, водные ресурсы, электроэнергия, орошение, речной транспорт, рекреация.
Annotation. The article discusses the effectiveness of hydroelectric power plants. Feedback on the integrated use of Water Resources has been entered, and at the same time a significant contribution has been made to the solution of the transport problem in hydraulic circuits.
Keywords: GES, efficiency, water resources, electricity, irrigation, river transport, recreation.
The high efficiency of electricity generation at HPPs is determined by a number of factors, including:
* Permanent restoration of natural resources;
* High labor productivity when using;
* Low cost of electricity produced at the HPP;
* Integrated use of water resources for energy, irrigation, river transport, flood control, water supply, recreation and other purposes;
· The presence of low etiology in relation to complex technological equipment.
It is extremely important that the frequency of industrial damage arising from the use of hydroelectric power plants, including deaths, is significantly less compared to thermal power plants based on the amount of electricity produced in 1 kWh (taking into account fuel extraction and supply enterprises).
The saving of labor resources when using hydroelectric power plants is due to the following, including:
Incredibly high labor productivity compared to TEs;
high level of production automation;
the absence of labor costs for the extraction, supply,