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antagonists Other novel antiplatelet agents Overview of anticoagulant agents for atherosclerotic diseases Thrombin inhibitors Factor Xa inhibitors Other anticoagulants under clinical development Conclusions Disclosures References CHAPTER 39: Oral Antiplatelet Agents in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Introduction Platelet activation: pathophysiology and pharmacotherapeutic targets Oral antiplatelet agents: pharmacology Oral antiplatelet therapy and PCI Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy Bleeding risk score and antiplatelet therapy Other considerations Clinical guidelines: oral antiplatelet therapy in PCI Conclusion References CHAPTER 40: Parenteral Anticoagulant Agents in PCI Heparin Low molecular weight heparin Direct thrombin inhibitors Factor Xa inhibitors References CHAPTER 41: Vasoactive and Antiarrhythmic Drugs During PCI Introduction Vasodilators during percutaneous coronary intervention Antiarrhythmic drugs in percutaneous coronary intervention Peri‐procedural sedation Which drugs should be held before percutaneous coronary intervention Vasopressors and inotropes during PCI Conclusions References CHAPTER 42: Triple Antiplatelet Therapy and Combinations with Oral Anticoagulants after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Introduction Platelet activation and the pathophysiology of arterial thrombosis Mechanisms of antithrombotic pharmacotherapy Triple antiplatelet therapy (TAPT) following PCI Antiplatelet combinations with oral anticoagulants (OACs) following PCI vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) Non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) Achieving improved outcomes following PCI: a role for a third agent? Triple antithrombotic therapy following PCI with prior indications for OAC Non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) Clinical guidelines: DAPT in combination with OAC in AF Unanswered questions and future perspectives Conclusion References CHAPTER 43: Balance of Ischemia and Bleeding in Selecting Intensity and Duration of Antithrombotic Regimens Introduction Definitions of common ischemic and bleeding endpoints Prognostic impact of ischemic or bleeding events Risk assessment tools for ischemic and bleeding events Antithrombotic strategies to reduce ischemic and bleeding complications Conclusions References CHAPTER 44: Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Introduction Lipid management Blood pressure medications: Lifestyle management Diabetes management Future therapies Conclusions References CHAPTER 45: Peri‐procedural Platelet Function Testing in Risk Stratification and Clinical Decision Making Initial evidence for HPR to ADP as a risk factor HPR cut‐off values defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis Randomized trials of platelet function testing Platelet function testing: bleeding saving focus Relation between low on‐treatment platelet reactivity and bleeding: the therapeutic window concept HPR in patients with STEMI during prasugrel and ticagrelor therapy Conclusions Disclosures References CHAPTER 46: Monitoring and Reversal of Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Agents Antiplatelet